{K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES} {P - } {Q - } {C - } {T TABLE OF CONTENTS: } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES & Q-C TEST PART 1: Introduction to the series PART 2: The Q-C Test C-Test Instructions: Fifteen Propositions 01. Gradualism 02. Independent Effects. 03. Terrestrial Isolation. 04. Gravitational Accumulations. 05. Elaborative Polymorphism. 06. Lunar Capture. 07. Perennial Geological Flux. 08. Uniformitarianism. 09. Evolution. 10. Homo Sapiens Sapiens. 11. Increasing Consciousness and Self-awareness. 12. Cultural and Institutional Invention. 13. Religious Sophistication. 14. Macrochronism. 15. Cross-validation of Time and Events. Q-Test Instructions: 15 Propositions 01. Quantavolution. 02. Holospherics. 03. Exoterrestrial Genesis. 04. Solaria Binaria. 05. Poly-episodic Catastrophes. 06. Lunar Explosions with Global Fracture. 07. Disturbed Geological Columns. 08.Exponential Apocalypses. 09. Species Mass Changes and Extinction. 10. Schizoid Humanization. 11. Mass Amnesia and Sublimation. 12. Cultural Hologenesis. 13. Divine Succession. 14. Microchronism. 15. Consonant Paradigmatics. PART 3: A Comment on the Q-C Test and Its Individual Items A ] C-TEST B ] Instructions: C ] ---- D ] ---- Fifteen Propositions E ] 01. Gradualism. F ] 02. Independent Effects. G ] 03. Terrestrial Isolation. H ] 04. Gravitational Accumulations. I ] 05. Elaborative Polymorphism. J ] 06. Lunar Capture. K ] 07. Perennial Geological Flux. L ] 08. Uniformitarianism. M ] 09. Evolution. N ] 10. Homo Sapiens Sapiens. O ] 11. Increasing Consciousness and Self-awareness. P ] 12. Cultural and Institutional Invention. Q ] 13. Religious Sophistication. R ] 14. Macrochronism. S ] 15. Cross-validation of Time and Events. T ] SCORE U ] Q-TEST Fifteen Propositions V ] 01. Quantavolution. W ] 02. Holospherics. X ] 03. Exoterrestrial Genesis. Y ] 04. Solaria Binaria. Z ] 05. Poly-episodic Catastrophes. AA ] 06. Lunar Explosions with Global Fracture. BB ] 07. Disturbed Geological Columns. CC ] 08. Exponential Apocalypses. DD ] 09. Species Mass Changes and Extinction. EE ] 10. Schizoid Humanization. FF ] 11. Mass Amnesia and Sublimation. GG ] 12. Cultural Hologenesis. HH ] 13. Divine Succession. II ] 14. Microchronism. JJ ] 15. Consonant Paradigmatics. KK ] SCORE PART 4: PROSPECTIVE CHANGES IN THE Q-C TEST 1. Placebos: 2. Religious Dimension: 3. Additional Items: 4. Merging: 5. Validation: 6. Randomizing and Cross-sectioning the Sample: 7. Extending the number of special disciplines implicated in the results: 8. Uses: a) Abetting theoretical studies. b) Discovery of trends in public awareness of science. c) Discovering relationship between creationist belief and quantavolutionary belief. d) Q-C scores as a function of age, occupation, religion, formal schooling. e) Discovery of trends in ideology of scientists. f) Discovery of deficiencies and contradictions of belief brought on by specialization. g) Enumerating the varieties of conventional and quantavolutionary thought. h) Fostering interdisciplinary communication. PART 5: The Scope of Quantavolution ENCYCLOPEDIA OF QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE {K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE: } {P PART 1: } {Q Introduction to the series } {C - } {T - } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE PART ONE by ALFRED DE GRAZIA INTRODUCTION TO THE SERIES Charles Darwin said in 1869 in the "Origin of Species" that "anyone whose disposition leads him to attach more weight to unexplained difficulties than to the explanation of a certain number of facts will certainly reject my theory." For a long time it seemed unwise to weigh too heavily the anomalies. Now the time has arrived when "unexplained difficulties" have become indeed too many for the Darwinian model of gradual incremental Evolution by natural selection to support. It should be replaced by a theory of Quantavolution. Or, at least, it should be placed up against a contrasting model. Quantavolution theory maintains that the world from its beginnings, including the world of life and humanity, has changed largely by quantum leaps, rather than by tiny increments over great stretches of time. The over two million words of this collection of works by the author and collaborators present the full range of ideas and phenomena that pertain to this theory. It may be well to warn promptly against claiming any relationship to quantum field theory in physics, although dire consequences to gravitation concepts may inhere, because of the seeming all- sufficiency of new electromagnetic theory. Such a global change of perspective requires a search for new evidence, a reformulation of old evidence, a reconsideration of anomalies, changes in meanings of words and phrases, explorations of etymologies of words and concepts, and a reexamination of assumptions, often when they are so accepted as to be trite and so trite as to be ignored -- removed, indeed, from our very cognitive structures. For example, there is an immense idea that persists in the literature to the effect that the Moon was torn from the Earth; this story is told not only by scientists such as George Darwin and George Fisher but also by myths of various cultures. Invariably, if a discussion of the matter is allowed at all, the posited event is positioned in time billions of years ago in the conventionally agreed upon youth of the Earth. Such an event, if it were to be treated seriously in an encyclopedia, would invade hundreds of articles with its causes and effects, changing practically every discipline in ways great and small. This set of works does not treat this idea alone as the true theory; but it considers it properly so serious as to warrant consideration under many headings. Such theories of "quantavolution" play a part in all discussions as to the origin of the other bodies of the solar system; one needs to explain the considerations that have led serious scholars to ask whether and how the planets originated from the Sun or, if not, then from one or another of themselves (such as Jupiter). Furthermore, the universal belief of ancient cultures and legends, that the gods were born, and were members of the same family, would begin to stir our interest. In many cultures, there is said to have been an original chaos or world vapor and a catastrophic event from which the father of the gods was born and from him (or her) was born the succession of gods. Why "born" instead of having always been in existence? It is not enough to say that these phrases are only analogies with the birth of animals in nature, or only fairy tales based on the analogies. Why should this be? Many analogies cover realities: might this be such a case? When one says, "Babies are born like puppies," one certainly is not denying that babies are born. And why were all of these gods identified, if of any importance, with the planets and other sky bodies? Most, if not all, cultures, have insisted that the planets and other sky bodies are divinities. Does this not lend support to the hypothesis of a true succession of birth throes in the heavens? Would this be evidence of a marvellous early philosophical synthesis connecting the birth of the cosmos to that of the members of an earthly family? No matter if the alarming thought should arise: the members of the solar system arose somehow from one another in a series of catastrophes that somehow early humankind had some knowledge or theory about. This is the kind of reasoning that unsettles many scientists and ordinary people who are content to rest with their ordinary perspectives on the universe; it is a "whistle-blower" on the prevailing paradigm of the sciences and the humanities, calling back the play to the line of scrimmage. The catastrophes responsible for the development of the theory of quantavolution were immensely greater than these, to be sure, but the elemental forces at work, the chemistry, the electricity, the psychic reactions are typical and homologous. As with a host of experiences of the past and present, the individual person must learn about catastrophes of the world --past, present, and future -- from the testimony of the rocks, the skies, the fossils, the carvings, the ruins, and then from recorded history and logical thought. The theory of Quantavolution deals with the behavior of substances of the real world so far as one can sense them. It proposes that change in nature and life occur largely as the result of catastrophic events; the events originate in the skies, which contain forces that are immeasurably greater than any in man or Earth and that are especially electrical. There are numerous "catastrophists" who have contributed to Q.. It is vital to appreciate that in Quantavolution, the word "catastrophe" loses its completely bad connotation; for what the world is today is an effect of catastrophe or, better, of Quantavolution, whose goodness and badness are intertwined and to be judged by the philosophy of good and bad consequences. The underlying philosophy of Quantavolution inclines toward a phenomenological instrumentalism. It regards a "truth" as a fitting and useful part of a system of such truths that constitute as a whole a possible tolerable outlook upon existence. The terms pragmatism, logical positivism, and operationism come to mind when reaching out for related perspectives. As with catastrophists, many philosophers might be cited. Among them would be Plato, Ockham, Bruno, Locke, Berkeley, Vico, Husserl, Freud, Dewey, Mead, Wittgenstein, and Bridgman. The day may not be far off when a new philosopher will draw upon the applicable contributions of such thinkers and the fast-growing body of quantavolutionary literature to produce a new philosophy of science. {K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE: } {P PART 2: } {Q THE Q-C TEST } {C - } {T - } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE PART TWO by ALFRED DE GRAZIA THE Q-C TEST [Note: this letter was attached to the first experimental copies of the Q-C Test, July 1997.] ARE YOU CONVENTIONAL OR QUANTAVOLUTIONARY IN YOUR SCIENTIFIC OUTLOOK?? TEST YOURSELF HERE!!! Dear Student of Cosmic Affairs: It appears that the time may be right for a test to distinguish more or less conventional and evolutionary scientists and scholars from what, for lack of better, can be called quantavolutionary scientists and scholars. I have accordingly devised a test in two parts of 15 items each, to determine the relative position of a person in regard to these two paradigms. Your apparent interest in 'C'& 'Q' sugests that your self-analysis would be most helpful in observing trends in science. I would be much obliged if you would take a few minutes to circle the 30 items of the C-Q Test and remand it to me by e-mail, or otherwise. Although it would be wonderful to obtain a number of individualized replies to publish on http://www.grazian-archive.com I shall withhold your identity if you say so, and merely incorporate the results in the statistical analysis. In either event, I would welcome your comments. I shall be improving the test and perhaps merging the two parts with several additional "placebo" items before being done with it. Ought I to proceed with a public discussion of the test and its cumulative findings? Sincerely, Alfred de Grazia Mail: Aldegrazia@ aol. com P. O. BOX 1213, Princeton, NJ 08542, USA C-TEST To gauge agreement of individuals with the Paradigm of Conventional Science Based on Fifteeen Primary Propositions of Conventional Science respecting natural and human history, and the degree of adherence of an individual to them. Instructions: There follow fifteen statements of major theses, principles, or propositions of Conventional Science, each one of which is preceded by a short name. Please react to each principle by scoring it from one (1) for firm disagreement to (5) for firm agreement. Draw a circle around the number or check your answer. Use number three (3) when you are without any belief or knowledge or commitment one way or another regarding the statement. Thus, for instance, a score of 15 for the test means that you disagree totally with the principles of Conventional Science. A score of 75 means that you are in full agreement with the principles of the version of Conventional Science expressed here. Actually, you would most likely be termed fully Conventional only if you agreed with all fifteen of the propositions. There is no time limit for completing the test, of course. Please answer every statement. When finished, add up and insert your total score where indicated. Fifteen Propositions 1. Gradualism. The world has changed almost entirely by small-scale, incremental transactions of small or large scope from earliest to present times. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Independent Effects. Changes in one field of scientific observation normally are weakly discernible in other areas and transfer into them slowly. 1 2 3 4 5 3. Terrestrial Isolation. From earliest times, Earth has developed its physical and vital forms from internal sources of materials and energy. 1 2 3 4 5 4. Gravitational Accumulations. The solar system originated in gravitational condensations from a gigantic dust cloud surrounding a young Sun. 1 2 3 4 5 5. Elaborative Polymorphism. Great variations of all inorganic and organic forms occurred by lawful, regular processes of nature. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Lunar Capture. The Moon formed during the condensation of gases and dust that originated the solar system and came within the gravitational grasp of the Earth. 1 2 3 4 5 7. Perennial Geological Flux. In due course, the Earth's surface has been altered by the gradual limited and calculable play of natural forces: waters, winds, pressures, and heat. 1 2 3 4 5 8. Uniformitarianism. Inorganic and organic nature have transmuted, with minor exceptions, at low, uniform rates for all of Earth history. 1 2 3 4 5 9. Evolution. The present species of life have unexceptionally developed from ever earlier forms that themselves originated by environmental adaptation in isolation and occasional successive chemical mutations. 1 2 3 4 5 10. Homo Sapiens Sapiens. In the course of evolution, natural selection, working at every vital level, eventuated in a being of high intelligence, capable of deliberate, rational decisions. 1 2 3 4 5 11. Increasing Consciousness and Self-awareness. Gradually humans developed a sense of history that let them order their lives presently and for their future, and learned to exercise advanced faculties for pleasure. 1 2 3 4 5 12. Cultural and Institutional Invention. Bit by bit, cultural traits were evolved in all of the various aspects of life, and could be placed ever higher upon a ladder of complexity and utility. 1 2 3 4 5 13. Religious Sophistication. From primitive fear and ignorance, gods were imagined, and afforded sacrifices, but eventually higher religions, with a benign, single god and simple rites, prevailed. 1 2 3 4 5 14. Macrochronism. The evolution of the solar system, Earth, and life forms, took up about five billion years, of which the last several million were required to produce human beings with their advanced societies. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Cross-validation of Time and Events. Dozens of distinct measures and correlations have mutually supported macrochronism and, with evolution theory, have proven the singular correctness of the historical path of science. 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL SCORE = AVERAGE SCORE =TOTAL/ 15= Q-TEST To gauge agreement of individuals with the Paradigm of Quantavolution Based on fifteen key propositions of quantavolution, and the degree of adherence of a person to them. Instructions: There follow fifteen statements of major theses, principles, or propositions of Quantavolution, each one of which is preceded by a short name. Please react to each principle by scoring it from one (1) for firm disagreement to (5) for firm agreement. Draw a circle around the number or check your answer. Use number three (3) when you are without any belief or knowledge or commitment one way or another regarding the statement. Thus, for instance, a score of 15 for the test means that you disagree totally with the principles of Quantavolution. A score of 75 means that you are in full agreement with the principles of the version of Quantavolution expressed here. Actually, you would most likely be termed a quantavolutionary even if you agreed with one or two of the propositions. There is no time limit for completing the test, of course. Please answer every statement. When finished, add up and insert your total score where indicated. Fifteen Propositions 1. Quantavolution. The world has changed mostly by large-scale and abrupt jumps or saltations or quantavolutions from earliest to present times. 1 2 3 4 5 2. Holospherics. Every quantavolution was holospheric such that, what became in late times human morals and science, were affected in their every branch by its remnant evidence and its contemporary effects. 1 2 3 4 5 3. Exoterrestrial Genesis. The ultimate source of quantavolutions has been exoterrestrial. 1 2 3 4 5 4. Solaria Binaria. The solar system originated and developed to this day as an often violent process of transactions between the Sun and a solar-exploded body. 1 2 3 4 5 5. Poly-episodic Catastrophes. Quantavolutions (usually referred to pejoratively as catastrophes) have been experienced on sundry occasions and have been unequal in intensity. 1 2 3 4 5 6. Lunar Explosions with Global Fracture. The explosion of Moon from Earth, and the global fracture accompanying it, produced the present basic volume and morphology of Earth. 1 2 3 4 5 7. Disturbed Geological Columns. Every geological column on Earth is ideosyncratically disturbed. 1 2 3 4 5 8.Exponential Apocalypses. Every quantavolution has taken the form of an exponential catastrophic curve with a sharp ascent and a negatively exponential descent, tailing off toward uniform change. 1 2 3 4 5 9. Species Mass Changes and Extinction. Extant species have simultaneously on occcasion been drastically reduced in numbers and type or extinguished while new species were being generated and old ones modified by holistic mutated gene leadership. 1 2 3 4 5 10. Schizoid Humanization. During a quantavolution, Homo Sapiens originated in a sudden gestalt as a schizoid species controlling multiple selves, and preferably to be called Homo Sapiens Schizotypicalis. 1 2 3 4 5 11. Mass Amnesia and Sublimation. Primeval Homo Sapiens experienced a traumatic suppression of memory and acquired a sublimatory psychological complex. 1 2 3 4 5 12. Cultural Hologenesis. Homo Sapiens promptly developed a poly-faceted language and full-function culture. 1 2 3 4 5 13. Divine Succession. Originally gods were idealized by the human mind, and their basic traits and functions proceeded through all successive major gods and families of gods. 1 2 3 4 5 14. Microchronism. Quantavolutions, since the solar nova that instituted the solar system, occupied brief periods of time, while intervals between them were also brief, measureable in thousands up to a million years. 1 2 3 4 5 15. Consonant Paradigmatics. Despite a much greater stress upon electromagnetic forces in all natural and vital events, the experiences (including experiments) and logic employed in constructing and proving the quantavolution paradigm are homologous with those of the conventional paradigm of scientific method. 1 2 3 4 5 TOTAL SCORE = AVERAGE SCORE = TOTAL / 15 = {K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE: } {P PART 3: } {Q A Comment on the Q-C Test and Its Individual Items} {C - } {T - } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE PART THREE by ALFRED DE GRAZIA A Comment on the Q-C Test and Its Individual Items. (Original text of test has a white background. The commentary is on normal font.) A ] C-TEST To gauge agreement of individuals with the Paradigm of Conventional Science Based on Fifteeen Primary Propositions of Conventional Science respecting natural and human history, and the degree of adherence of an individual to them. The conventional science part of the C-test assumes that a common set of attitudes toward the method and findings of science is possessed by scientists, a correct set which, put into practice, gives a correct view of the real world, inorganic, organic, and human. These attitudes or beliefs are but an intuitive sample of a larger unknown number that would presumably give the same results when administered to the same individuals. The set of attitudes reflects with limited but fair accuracy the paradigm mentally possessed by twentieth century scientists. Since the paradigm is most general and cosmic, all propositions about it are partial, irregular, insufficient, and the individuals taking the test will naturally distribute themselves in different attitudes towards them. B ] Instructions: There follow fifteen statements of major theses, principles, or propositions of Conventional Science, each one of which is preceded by a short name. Please react to each principle by scoring it from one (1) for firm disagreement to (5) for firm agreement. Draw a circle around the number or check your answer. Use number three (3) when you are without any belief or knowledge or commitment one way or another regarding the statement. There are many ways of posing the attitudes as principles. One could attempt to use five propositions as the core of the conventional scientific ideology, or ten, or twenty or fifty. Validity and realiability might be enhanced. Often in test-construction, a large number of test items are chosen and then the invalid and unreliable subsequently discarded, until the smallest number that completes the universe of inquiry is left remaining. Often the salient and valid few are doubled or trebled to be sure that the respondent understands what the inquirer wishes him/ her to understand, especially when the universe of respondents is intellectually, morally, linguistically and otherwise diverse. In the present situation, the Q-trenders may be even more diverse, for once the constraints of conventional scientific ideology or scientism are broken, the escapees and refugees scatter in every direction. Most conventional scientists will largely accept the C-test, scoring high, whereas the quantavolutionaries will score on the C-test in varying degrees of acceptance, or so we surmise. As the test-constructor sees it, a mark of '5' means an item is most likely true, a mark of '4' means the item approaches broadly some truths, a mark of '3' denotes uncertainty, a maybe-yes maybe-no position or a lack of sufficient awareness or knowledge to cast a judgement, or both of these plus a failure to understand what is intended or what is meant by the item. This is the infamous "don't know" category that haunts the pollsters. If the individual's position is important, usually the test-maker provides for an extensive and intensive interview, a depth questioning, to get the nuances of the impasse, whereupon the test-maker places the individual respondent more to theone way or the other. An item marked '2' would be deemed to mean that the statement is wrong-headed and contains little broad truth. A '1' is to inform the test authority that the item is almost surely untrue. Some experts would warn against even an attempt to order the postures and attitudes of people in this most complex region of human thought. Aside from all the technical and straight psychological arguments of the testing discipline, a substantial contribution to the theory of this kind of test must come from works such as those of Karl Mannheim on the sociology of knowledge, Hans Vaihinger on the nature and logic of fictions, and Ludwig Wittgenstein on the construction of meaningful statements. C] Thus, for instance, a score of 15 for the test means that you disagree totally with the principles of Conventional Science. A score of 75 means that you are in full agreement with the principles of the version of Conventional Science expressed here. Actually, you would most likely be termed fully Conventional only if you agreed with all fifteen of the propositions. Here it should be made clear that there is no real-world difference of 1 or 5 or whatever between the five phases of each item or between one item and another, and it has already been said that there are different bands of respondents who will settle firmly upon one reply and disdain a number of other items. The scores also say little about the degree of indignation with which rejection of other markings is regarded. The very sight of an item on evolution will elicit not only a mark of 1 or 5 but with the mark a snort of resentment against opposing markings. D] There is no time limit for completing the test, of course. Please answer every statement. When finished, add up and insert your total score where indicated. E] Fifteen Propositions: - 1. Gradualism. The world has changed almost entirely by small-scale, incremental transactions of small or large scope from earliest to present times. That is: one observes everywhere and in all things differences between time A and time B, which are almost always minute in relation to the total shape of things but amount to the vast differences between what was and what is, owing to the accumulation of small changes over long periods of time. F] 2. Independent Effects. Changes in one field of scientific observation normally are weakly discernible in other areas and transfer into them slowly. That is: what happens to one being or existence has a limited scope, affecting others little or not at all, as an avalance will affect whatever is in its path but little more, or the death of one species will hardly affect many species. G] 3. Terrestrial Isolation. From earliest times, Earth has developed its physical and vital forms from internal sources of materials and energy. That is: Practically all that is present on Earth has evolved solely under the influence of combinations of ingredients and forces that preceded it on Earth and which in turn and ultimately go back to the earliest ages of the Earth. H] 4. Gravitational Accumulations. The solar system originated in gravitational condensations from a gigantic dust cloud surrounding a young Sun. That is: little by little, the material that composes the planets gathered in clumps that continued to draw in other material until most of the original outbursts from the Sun were housed in them, while space was vacated. I ] 5. Elaborative Polymorphism. Great variations of all inorganic and organic forms occurred by lawful, regular processes of nature. That is: many shapes and physiologies and systems of being came about as one minor change succeeded another and elaborated differences that were originally minor into major differences. J ] 6.. Lunar Capture. The Moon formed during the condensation of gases and dust that originated the solar system and came within the gravitational grasp of the Earth. That is: the Moon began independently to agglomerate a large mass but lost its independent motion vis-a- vis the Sun, as it was gradually carried into the Earth's orbit by the Earth's gravitational field but maintained an acquired new equilibrium locked at a distance to the Earth. K] 7. Perennial Geological Flux. In due course, the Earth's surface has been altered by the gradual limited and calculable play of natural forces: waters, winds, pressures, and heat. That is: soils and rocks and aquatic channels today can be shown to have been formed by the forces that today uniformly with the past work upon them. L] 8. Uniformitarianism. Inorganic and organic nature have transmuted, with minor exceptions, at low, uniform rates for all of Earth history. That is: on the whole, the past has been like the present, such that the changes in earth and life forms have averaged changes proportionate to elapsed time, each being and existence developing a unique pace owing to infinitely small changes in rate occurring through long ages. M] 9. Evolution. The present species of life have unexceptionally developed from ever earlier forms that themselves originated by environmental adaptation in isolation and occasional successive chemical mutations. That is: accommodating to its environment and multiplying by successfully competing for scarce goods with other species and individuals, a given set of individuals, brought into being as a species by a genetic mutation or related series of mutations, reinforces its identity by separation from otherwise similar species, consciously or accidentally caused. N] 10. Homo Sapiens Sapiens. In the course of evolution, natural selection, working at every vital level, eventuated in a being of high intelligence, capable of deliberate, rational decisions. That is: evolving like every other life form, an animal related to the great apes and sharing much of their genetic and behavioral constitution, mutated and survived by virtue of an ever-growing brain that could cope ever more successfully with a variety of environments through discoveries prompted by realistic experimental reasoning. O] 11. Increasing Consciousness and Self-awareness. Gradually humans developed a sense of history that let them order their lives presently and for their future, and learned to exercise advanced faculties for pleasure. That is: an orderly memory, which contained readily a great many lessons obtained from experience, and permitted self-examination as well as systematic observation, brought on an accumulation of useful information that could be used for material progress and amusement in many forms. P] 12. Cultural and Institutional Invention. Bit by bit, cultural traits were evolved in all of the various aspects of life, and could be placed ever higher upon a ladder of complexity and utility. That is: cumulative experience in all aspects of life was put to work in the collective memory of the group as the basis for suggestions of improvement in technique and organization, and in the origination of new acceptable behavior and utensils. Q] 13. Religious Sophistication. From primitive fear and ignorance, gods were imagined, and afforded sacrifices, but eventually higher religions, with a benign, single god and simple rites, prevailed. That is: lacking command over himself , his fellows, and his environment, the early human grasped for support at whatever seemed more powerful and possibly helpful, gods who at first imitated his savage qualities but later on gods and finally one God who were culturally advanced in their offerings and demands of humans, to the point of being a large factor, for most unscientific people at least, in inspiring them to virtuous conduct. R] 14. Macrochronism. The evolution of the solar system, Earth, and life forms, took up about five billion years, of which the last several million were required to produce human beings with their advanced societies. That is: although only rough estimates of the age of the Earth and the several periods of its organic and inorganic evolution can be obtained, continued progress in chronometry has moved the age of the earth and its epochs to ever longer times, allowing thus adequate time for all of the observed transformations to have taken place. S] 15. Cross-validation of Time and Events. Dozens of distinct measures and correlations have mutually supported macrochronism and, with evolution theory, have proven the singular correctness of the historical path of science. That is: radioactive decay, occurring at constant rates over enormous periods of time, has been measured in association with its environment, organic and inorganic, and these have been shown to have ages generally much greater than geological measures alone have produced, showing the latter to have been partly conjectural, even if vastly longer than biblical time had been. Different radio chronometries are highly correlated when applied to the same objects, and variations have been successfully accommodated to settle differences. With the development of dendrochronology, dating from layered ice cores, radiocarbon dating, thermoluminescence dating, and other chemical, thermal, and historical methods, few lengthy gaps remain in the geological and biological record that are unapproachable scientifically. T] TOTAL SCORE = _____ AVERAGE SCORE =TOTAL/15= ______ Note: two persons with the same average score may differ greatly in their fully described positions. Paired comparisons are recommended, and ultimately also the comparison of individual scores with a universe of hundreds and thousands of scores, not only as to averages but as to matched item correlations and other parameters. U] Q-TEST To gauge agreement of individuals with the Paradigm of Quantavolution Based on fifteen key propositions of quantavolution, and the degree of adherence of a person to them. Instructions: There follow fifteen statements of major theses, principles, or propositions of Quantavolution, each one of which is preceded by a short name. Please react to each principle by scoring it from one (1) for firm disagreement to (5) for firm agreement. Draw a circle around the number or check your answer. Use number three (3) when you are without any belief or knowledge or commitment one way or another regarding the statement. Thus, for instance, a score of 15 for the test means that you disagree totally with the principles of Quantavolution. A score of 75 means that you are in full agreement with the principles of the version of Quantavolution expressed here. Actually, you would most likely be termed a quantavolutionary even if you agreed with one or two of the propositions. There is no time limit for completing the test, of course. Please answer every statement. When finished, add up and insert your total score where indicated. The above instructions repeat closely those for the Conventional section. Perhaps it should be added here that unmarked items should be scored as 3 on grounds that they are the effect of confusion or unreadiness to commit an attitude. V] Propositions 1: Quantavolution. The world has changed mostly by large-scale and abrupt jumps or saltations or quantavolutions from earliest to present times. The key words behind quantavolution (Q) are change, large-scale, and abrupt. Essentially, change refers to a detectable difference in anything between Time 1 and Time 2 . By the world is meant the universe and all that it may contain, including its motions and events. By most is meant something not much less than entirely, and what is left over consists of changes that are local and gradual. Large-scale applies to spaces and things and behaviors that rather arbitrarily we would envision as at least the size and features of Russia or South America or the Caribbean Sea. The change would occur abruptly, which we define as time durations from an instant to a century in which 50% of the total physical transformation happens. Terms used for quantavolution, "development by packets", include catastrophism, neo-catastrophism, saltation (a jump), revolution, apocalpse and punctuated equilibrium. A salient argument against the use of the term "catastrophism" is that it denotes a total misfortune, whereas a moment's reflection will persuade one that a great part of the fortunate inheritance of the world comes from the same catastrophes -- including the quantavolution or abrupt evolution of the human being. W] 2. Holospherics. Every quantavolution was holospheric such that, what became in late times human morals and science, were affected in their every branch by its remnant evidence and its contemporary effects. Quantavolutions were not contained to a set of rocks, a chosen people, a given language, a particular climatic sector, etc., but within their large limits were all-encompassing. All spheres of nature and humanity were directly affected, and their effects were transmitted to every succeeding generation of rocks, genera, and cultures. Too, a Q employed all forces of nature: if the Q took the form of a meteoroid, water, fire, wind, and exploded earth acted simultaneously and in chains and mutual interactions. X] 3. Exoterrestrial Genesis. The ultimate source of quantavolutions has been exoterrestrial. The Earth was itself formed from exoterrestrial elements, an obvious deduction, but the fact leads to a realization that probably at no time in its existence has the Earth been out of touch with the exosphere. From its beginnings, the Earth had no internal force or energy that was not exoterrestrial in origin. Its volcanism, earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods have been compelled by exoterrestrial bodies composed of perhaps every kind of mineral and gas, and of every degree of density. Y] 4. Solaria Binaria. The solar system originated and developed to this day as an often violent process of transactions between the Sun and a solar-exploded body. Explaining the solar system is readily accomplished by introducing a theory of binary stars, ever more frequently observed, in which the explosion of a heavily charged sun expels a mass of debris whose largest portion, though a small fraction of the sun, acts as an electrical pole exchanging charge with the sun along a current of electric fire, which also serves to create a vast electromagnetic plenum in which planets, with their own electrical properties, develop. Conditions for the growth of life forms are often favorable and persist until the electrical axis and the tube around it expire, whereupon the planets are "on their own," so to speak. Although the theory of solaria binaria is unique, it can easily entertain a number of quantavolutionary theories that have been developing in recent years that portray the solar system undergoing a series of explosive and high energy events. Z] 5. Poly-episodic Catastrophes. Quantavolutions (usually referred to pejoratively as catastrophes) have been experienced on sundry occasions and have been unequal in intensity. Geological, astronomical, paleontological, legendary, and archaeological research has settled upon more than one and conjectured up to a score of global catastrophes in natural history, such that it is possible now to hypothesize a quantavolution at the end of and beginning of every major section of the geological column and every cultural period of the brinze and iron age. Among the greatest in effect have been, among geologists, those associated with the global fracture system circling the world, among paleontologists, those associated with the disappearance of the dinosaurs, and the flowering of life forms early in the Permian period, and among ancient historians those deemed by the ancients to be connected to the conduct of the planets and affording evidence in the wholesale destruction of ancient civilizations repeatedly. AA] 6. Lunar Explosions with Global Fracture. The explosion of Moon from Earth, and the global fracture accompanying it, produced the present basic volume and morphology of Earth Scientists divide unevenly into a majority who believe that the Moon was captured by the Earth a billion and more years ago, and a minority who believe that the Moon separated from the Earth at an equally early date, most of these expert grant that the event was catastrophic and quantavolutionary. Evidence points to the Pacific Ocean Basin as the source of the crust that was wrenched from the Earth by an electrically attractive passing body, coincidentally with a fracture that shot around the world as the continents-to-be swung in a great gravity slide to fill the basin. Besides the mainly crustal loss of the Moon-gathering, the fully-encrusted Earth lost additional material as debris into farther space and swelled in volume as its charge diminished. BB] 7. Disturbed Geological Columns. Every geological column on Earth is ideosyncratically disturbed. If one were to dig anywhere in the world, one would find practically everywhere an incomplete series of rock types and periods, with no two such drillings being alike. This claim goes counter to the prevailing belief in conventional science that a normal deep drilling to basic rock usually would produce mineral and fossil layers in their proper chronological order with few or no layers or ages missing. CC] 8.Exponential Apocalypses. Every quantavolution has taken the form of an exponential catastrophic curve with a sharp ascent and a negatively exponential descent, tailing off toward uniform change. Apocalypses refer to the catastrophes pictured and popularly revered in the Christian epic of St. John. Here it is a mnemonic nickname for quantavolutions. If charted, a Q occurs with little warning in years, days, and other units of time, except that a repeated threat is historically marked and watched obsessively by special priesthoods and the populace. Despite the warning, the events themselves, of course, are precipitous; what is one day here is gone tomorrow, a civilization, a culture, a great plain, a river, etc. After the peak period of activity, however, the Q at first steeply declines and then ever more slowly diminishes its effects until it establishes a mood of "it will not happen again." Thus, according to Q theory, C continental drift theory, even though its acceptance was a concession to a Q theory, is incorrect in believing that the continents have always been drifting very slowly, but that what is slow now was once a continental cracking and rafting at considerable speed. DD] 9. Species Mass Changes and Extinction. Extant species have simultaneously on occcasion been drastically reduced in numbers and type or extinguished while new species were being generated and old ones modified by holistic mutated gene leadership. The scale and intensity of Q implies the decimation of species and paleontology increasingly locates and admits to the catastrophic ending of species. At the same time, C theory will not admit the sudden creation of new species in the same conditions of catastrophe whereas the Q theorists can claim that the same conditions allowed the springing forth in quick time of new families and species. Q theory accounts for the persistence of species as well as the destruction and creation of species to produce the puzzling array of flora and fauna of today. EE] 10. Schizoid Humanization. During a quantavolution, Homo Sapiens originated in a sudden gestalt as a schizoid species controlling multiple selves, and preferably to be called Homo Sapiens Schizotypicalis. Several Q theories of the birth of man are possible. One is indicated here. A gestalt is a sudden complex perception and cognition of a large body of mental material that has hitherto been disassembled and unknowledgeable. In a suddenly new natural environment and atmospheric state and in a minor genetic change from the hominid, a new being emerged with a delayed instinctive apparatus, connected with the bilateralism of brain hemispheres and functioning, such that a microdelay in the transmission of menal oeprations ensued, sufficient to expand the destinations around the brain of stimuli and the awareness of doubt about the meaning of the stimuli and a fearful need to control the multiple selves that were groping "thoughtfully" with the disparate end-locations of the stimuli. The mentation and behavior of the new animal is diagnosable today as a general schizophrenia, with its basic symptoms of shock, aggression, compulsion, and displacement. FF] 11. Mass Amnesia and Sublimation. Primeval Homo Sapiens experienced a traumatic suppression of memory and acquired a sublimatory psychological complex. The instinct-delay cerebral system genetically or permanently demanded by a new environmental constant quickly installed a memory blockage or amnesiac system to limit the flood of fears and doubts and contradictory demands on the new person. The amnesiac system allowed, or was compelled by overload problems to bring about, an amorphous unconscious. The unconscious fostered a random, partially controlled, and imaginative surfacing of materials that were the source both of aesthetic creations and hypotheses, which, when subjected to demands to restore the more comfortable if less competent instinctive system of the hominid, also developed logic, calculation, science, and, in a word, rationality. GG] 12. Cultural Hologenesis. Homo Sapiens promptly developed a poly-faceted language and full-function culture. Speech and variegated behaviors emerged promptly and spontaneously with the poly-ego and its talking to itself. Transfer of first epithets, imprecations, and commands to the greatest powers known, the happenings in the sky and the responses of the earth, would impregnate catastrophe in the language as it developed for mundane use. The same would characterize the swiftly developing culture -- with rites, priests, magic, acoustical and electrical performances, fire-control and cuisine, etc. This hologenetic Q-theory stands alone perhaps to contend with conventional theories of linguistic and cultural genesis. HH] 13. Divine Succession. Originally gods were idealized by the human mind, and their basic traits and functions proceeded through all successive major gods and families of gods. Practically all religions, although some exceptional persons will claim the opposite, are in the line of descent from the primordial religiousness. With the illusory establishment of the first gods and of delusory devices to control them, the basic elements of religious practices from then until now were fixed: appeasement, obsessive forms of divine communication, sacrifice, basic artistic forms, authoritative ideologies, institutional imitations of the sky and earth- connected divine illusions. Successive quantavolutions repeated the same types of physical disasters and fell upon peoples that were inclined to fortify their old religions rather than to devise new ones, but at the same time would often rename the old and condemn them to try their fortunes with new, more powerful gods. II] 14. Microchronism. Quantavolutions, since the solar nova that instituted the solar system, occupied brief periods of time, while intervals between them were also brief, measureable in thousands up to a million years. Some Q theorists have attempted to preserve the appearances and save a great many reputations by staging their quantavolutions in accord with the present billions of years of "proven" earth history. Such would be, for instance, the theory of "punctuated equilibrium," an awkward euphemism as well as a scarcely justified faith in the swollen periods given to the past, now approaching 5 billion years. The problem of erasing these billions is easy when it comes to traditional geological measurements of time that employ stratigraphy, that apply uniform erosion rates of today to the past, et al. The problem is more difficult when it comes to measurements by radioactive decay of chemical elements, but here, too, uniformitarian assumptions can be brought into question: electromagnetic conditions of the past, far different than those of today, could eradicate the great stretches of time claimed by conventional scientists. JJ] 15. Consonant Paradigmatics. Despite a much greater stress upon electromagnetic forces in all natural and vital events, the experiences (including experiments) and logic employed in constructing and proving the quantavolution paradigm are homologous with those of the conventional paradigm of scientific method. At least one branch of Q theory questions the roots of so-called rationality, yet accepts the newer logic and linguistics as its only tools for arriving at "truth." It accepts experiments and the scientific method generally and it guards the method by psycho-sociological analysis of the processes. It is not mystic nor magical nor religious nor populist. The Q paradigm reconstructs the historical and scientific world with the historical and scientifically defensible weapons of science. KK] Total Score and Average are calculated in the same way as in the Conventional section of the Test. {K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE: } {P PART 4: } {Q PROSPECTIVE CHANGES IN THE Q-C TEST} {C - } {T - } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE PART FOUR by ALFRED DE GRAZIA PROSPECTIVE CHANGES IN THE Q-C TEST 1. Placebos: Placebos would designate items in the test that indicate nothing valid or useful to know for the purposes of the test. They function to prove a lack of unrelated differences between those who score differently on the test. For instance, it might be useful to add several items such as "Whether fast or slow, evolution by definition must occur in natural history." And, "Conventional science is more a matter of etiquette of science than it is a set of accepted theories." And, "A decline in the productivity of science, noticeable in the late twentieth century, is attributable in part to an increase in the extent of political corruption in advanced nations." It might occur that both C and Q respondents would score similarly on these items, whether by scattered or concentrated agreement. 2. Religious Dimension: Creationism; agnosticism; mysticism; atheism; personal deism; scientific deism. Religious ideologies have been shown to play a considerable role in adhering to scientific propositions of one kind or another. It would be possible to uncover some of these connections either by a couple of questions accompanying the test (such as, "How would you identify yourself in respect to the list of religious positions below: accept, reject, indifferent?" or by including distinguishing items as propositions such as "Quantavolution fortifies logically and evidentially religions that maintain a recent creation of the world and mankind by divine intervention." 3. Additional Items: Adding a number of items would help to validate existing items and at the same time lend reliability to the test as a whole. Thus, proposing that the dinosaurs and most other species were destroyed en masse in a brief time interval by the impact of an extra-terrestrial object, or proposing that the continental crust of the earth has been creeping by tiny increments over most of the global surface over all of Earth's history. 4. Merging: The Q-C Test will be henceforth merged into a mixed set of items, such that the respondent will be encountering items of C, Q and other significance randomly in the course of taking the test. Merging will promote a more independent series of judgements on the part of the respondent, and contribute to the significance of aggregated scores, in part and totality. 5. Validation: Validating a test that seeks to elicit ideological syndromes can be most difficult, depending upon the degree of certainty that the Thing exists in the first place and then the elusive and unconscious ways in which people are disposed to mal-describe and conceal their ideologies. Still, with the improvements already suggested, some approach to defining a Q and a C nuclear ideology, and in the process a Q mind and a C mind, can find credence. 6. Randomizing and Cross-sectioning the Sample: These ordinary problems of test development should present no unusual difficulties when developing the Q-C test. Inasmuch as over half of the adult population cannot read well enough nor are tutored enough to understand any considerable part of the test, either a special test should be constructed for them or they should be passed over in favor of administering the test only to persons who have passed three or more years of college. In the end, the test results most useful would be the results obtained from the professional and managerial classes. Since these are the people running the governmental, corporate, media and educational systems of the modern state, their ideologies are a matter of practical as well as contemplative interest. 7. Extending the number of special disciplines implicated in the results: In Part Five below will be found a list of entries planned for the Encyclopedia of Quantavolution and Catastrophe. Every discipline will be found there, and thus a case is made for finding Q relevant to all disciplines. It would not be too difficult to revise the test so as to apply it more directly to each and every major discipline -- geology, anthropology, theology, astronomy, mythology and so forth. 8. Uses: a) Abetting theoretical studies. In this connection, the Q-C test can suggest that a wholesale replacement of received doctrines of science may be useful and possible. b) Discovery of trends in public awareness of science. Are popular notions of what is occurring in science changing? Perhaps the test will give some indication of how and why the contents of the mass media are changing with regard to science and scientists. c) Discovering relationship between creationist belief and quantavolutionary belief. Popular creationist belief is strong and seeks, spearheaded by a small group of intellectuals, to adapt quantavolutionary research and treatises to its own needs. Creationist scientists are inclined to dominate quantavolutionary circles, naturally, and certainly feel comfortable moving in and out of them. Much opposition to Q work by C scientists comes from a fear that Q is merely a front for creationism. d) Q-C scores as a function of age, occupation, religion, formal schooling. The sociology of science and educators would gain by the knowledge of how Q and C ideas have been penetrating various social formations and categories. Psychological applications are suggested: is there a radical and conservative position on C and Q that conforms to political, intellectual, and social radicalism? e) Discovery of trends in ideology of scientists. At a time when it is widely believed that the vast majorityof scientists would be high-scorers on the C-test and low-scorers on the Q-test, the distribution of the component beliefs in the population of scientists would reveal the actual condition in this regard. Too, one may expect to learn whether the scientific elite, the so-called establishment, has moved from the conventional center of gravity more or less than the mass of scientists. f) Discovery of deficiencies and contradictions of belief brought on by specialization. Especially with longer versions of the Q-C test, it may be observed how far and near the various special fields of the scientists stand in relation to the conventional consensus. What medical specialty, for instance, is most radical in acceptance of Q tendencies? How do homeopathic practitioners rate? g) Enumerating the varieties of conventional and quantavolutionary thought. A great many controversies characterize both the conventional and the quantavolutionary camps. From the hi-score C camp, it appears that the conventional scientists are divided and the Q enemy is united, whereas nothing is more obvious to the Q, and angrily regrettable, than the splintering into tiny fragments of the Q outlook. h) Fostering interdisciplinary communication. Scientists and educators who have deplored the lack of sympathy and understanding between the public and politicians on the one side and scientists on the other might regard the results of extensive Q-C testing as indicative of the gravity of the problem, or of improvements occurring. At the same time, tests results of different scientific groups might demonstrate that communication among scientists is as serious a problem as it is between science as a whole and the public. Test results among scientific cohorts might illustrate, too, the togetherness of the scientific fraternity as a whole. Deviations fro consensus might be regarded as deviations of thought or deficiencies in knowledge of sciences other than one's own. {K QUANTAVOLUTION & CATASTROPHE} {V QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE: } {P PART 5: } {Q The Scope of Quantavolution} {C - } {T - } {S - } QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE PART FIVE by ALFRED DE GRAZIA THE SCOPE OF QUANTAVOLUTION There follows a list of terms to be used as entries in the Encyclopedia of Quantavolution and Catastrophes. Although there is no planned correlation between this list and the contents of the present CD-Rom of 14 volumes of Quantavolution, and although the 14 volumes have an embedded search engine for calling up all references to any idea or person or incident that maybe contained in the volumes, the list here may be suggestive as to subjects that might be present and treated in the 14 volumes, and then searched for and found therein. Scores of scientific and humanistic fields have evolved. Actually every field of knowledge has standing behind it one or more fields of science, and therefore may be considered as a field of applied science, as for instance, architecture or fictional romances. One way of comprehending the extended meaning of general theory of quantavolution is to browse amidst the list of entries that are contemplated for the Encyclopedia of Quantavolution and Catastrophe. These number several thousands and another thousand will probably be added before the first edition is finished. It will be recalled that the criteria for including an entry in the Encyclopedia is that at least prima facie the entry directly or indirectly affects the theory of quantavolution. Thus, the abundance of gods carried in the work would be expected if one considers that every known god is connected directly or indirectly with global quantavolution. Every physical law of science is involved. Most concepts of biology and genetics are relevent. Every part of solar system astronomy enters the work, so, too, numerous stars. By small stretch of the imagination, every scientific and humanistic discipline has many concerns to take from and give to the quantavolutionary paradigm. To take a seemingly removed case, political science, in both its historical and contemporary materials, must consider many aspects of quantavolution --legends, distortions of history, movements generated by the belief in the immediacy of catastrophe, the behavior of not only politicians but also seemingly far-removed scientists who are consciously and unconsciously influenced by catastrophic ideas in their belifs and by power manipulations in their collectivities. Many entries, it must be said, are built into the Encyclopedia on a need to understand what conventional science is saying and on a suspicion that there must be some quantavolutionary content to the thing or idea if it were to be more extensively pursued. Excluded from the entry are thousands, and then millions, of things and persons and events, such as are found in general encyclopedias and library catalogs. After all, even a football player might conceivably be included as an entry on the ground that the origin of the game lay in the most ancient religious practices wherein the ball and the players stood for celestial gods and other divine events long remembered. Thus one stands on the brink of declaring that all events are subject to the core events of quantavolution. LIST OF ENTRIES ENCYCLOPEDIA OF QUANTAVOLUTION AND CATASTROPHE (Copyright Metron 1997) A ================================================================== aa Aar Gorge Aaron Aaron's rod abacus Abell, George D. Abell-35 nebula aberrational Earth forces Abery, Jill abiogenesis abiotic compound ablation aboriginal humans aborigine Abraham abrupt transform absolute zero absorption Abydos abyss, oceanic Acadian disturbance acanthode Acapulco Bay acceleration accelerator acclimatization accretion by comet accumulation, precipitate accumulator, bioenergy achondrite acid rain acid-base reaction acoustics acquired immune deficiency syndrome (| aids|) Acropolis actinide elements action at a distance action, unit of actor, acting Adam & Eve Adams, R. M. C Adams, Walker S. Aden, Gulf of adhesion (bonding) adiabatic process Aditi Adityas administration Adonis Adrastus of Cyzicus adrenal gland Adriatic Coast Adriatic Sea Adriatica adsorption Aegea Aegean region aegis Aeneas Aeon aeon, eon aerial photography aersol Aeschylus aesthetics aether, ether Afar Depression affection Afghanistan Africa African Rift African Rift volcanism African veldt afterglow Agassiz, Louis agate Agate, Nebraska Age age determination Age of Discovery Ager, Derek aggression agnatha Agni agnosticism Agricola, Giorgius agriculture Agua, Guatemala Ahaggar mountains Ahura-Mazda and Ahriman Ain ez Zarqa aircraft Airy, G. B. Ajios Jakovos Akhnaton Akkad, Akkadian Alabama Alaca Hyk Aland Islands Alaska Alaskan oriented lakes albedo Alberta Albretton, Claude C. alchemy Alcock, Norman Z. alcohol alcohol, drinking of Alcor Aleutian arc Alfven, Hannes algae algebra Algeria Algonquian, Algonquin Indians alignment Alisar, Alishar Hyk alkali metal alkaline rock Alkman All Saints Day & All Souls Day Allah Allchin, F. R. Allegheny Mountains (| USA|) Allen, F. Allen, Richard Hinkley allergic reaction allocthon allogenic sediment alluvial fan alphabet alpine Alps Mountains Alt, David altar Alter, Dinsmore altiplano altitude Alvarez, Luis Walter AM Herculis Amargorosa fault Amarna Letters Amarna, tell-el amateur Amatitlan, Guatemala Amazon Amazon River, basin Amazon submarine channel Amazonia amber ambivilance Ambrasey, N. N. ambrosia Ameghino, Fiorentino Amelan, Ralph Amen, Amun American cultures, -502 to -9| y| American hemisphere American sign language Amerindians, ancient amino acid amino acid racemization dating Ammizaduga tablets Ammon, Amon amnesia, collective amnesia, individual amoeba Amojjar pass Amos amphibia amphibole, amphibolite amplitude, seasonal Amudar'ya delta, U. S. S. R. amulet Amundsun, Roald Ana, Anat( h) Anafi Island analog logic analytic & linguistic philosophy Ananta anatexis Anatolia anatomy Anaxagoras Anaximander ancient astronauts ancient concensus ancient eclipses ancient knowledge Andean volcanism Anderson, J. L. Andes Mountains andesite Andriessen, Poul androgeny Anemospilia, Crete angel Angel Falls, Venezuela angiosperm Angola Angola anguilliform angular momentum angular velocity anhedonia animal nimal behavior animal breeding animal instinct animism ankh Anluck annelida anniversary annual layer anode anoint anolis anomoly anseriformes Antarctic dryland Antarctic Ocean Antarctica Antelope County, NE Antelope Valley, CA Anthes, Rudolf Anthony and Cleopatra anthropism anthropology anthropomorphism anthropophagy anthroposphere anti-semitism anticline Antillia antiparticle Antofagasta mudslide Anura anvil anxiety apastron apathy Aphek, Caanan aphelion Aphrodite apis apocalypse apogee Apollo and Artemis Apollo, asteroid family Apollo-p Apollo-s Apollodoris Apollonius of Rhodes Apophis apotheosis Appalachian Mountains apparition, comet appearence of species Appenine Range applied science April Apuane Alps Apuseni Mountains Aqaba, Gulf of Aqua Hedionda Creek basins aquatic ape aquatic ecosystem aqueous environment, primordial aquifer Arabia Arabian dunes Arabian Sea arachnida aragonite Arak Gorges, Algeria Aral Sea Aramaic alphabet Ararat, Mount, Turkey Aratus of Soli Araucanian Indians arbitration arc arc welding arc-second arch archaeoastronomy archaeobacteria archaeology archaeomagnetic archaeopteryx archaeozoic, archean archetype archicortex architecture Arctic Ocean, floor Arctic Region, lands Arcturus arcuate structure Ardche marl fossils arecales Arend-Roland, comet Ares Argentina argon Ariadne arid regions, global Arieti Aristotle arithmetic Arizona Ark of the Covenant ark, arch( e) Arkansas Armageddon armed force Armenia armor Arnol'd, V. I. Arnold, James R. aromatic hydrocarbon Arp, Halton C. art artesian well, flowing spring arthropoda artificial aurora artificial intelligence artriodactyla Aryabhataya( m) Aryan As, tell Asakawa, Y. Asama, Mount Ascalon, Ashqelon asceticisim aschelminthes Asgard ash Ashanti crater ashera( h) tree Asia Asimov, Isaac aspartic acid racemization asphalt Assal, Lake Assam earthquakes assemblage, fossil assertion Assyria, Assyrian Astarte, Ashtarat asteroid Astour, M. C. Astra astral concern astral wind astrobleme astrogeology astrolabe astrolabes, Assyrian astrology astron astronaut, cosmonaut astronomer's vision astronomical chronometry astronomical mapping astronomical motif astronomical spectroscopy astronomical transformation astronomical unit astronomy, astronomical astrophysics asymmetry of brain hemispheres Atchana Atharva Veda atheism Athene Athens athletic contest Atlantic Ocean Atlantis Atlantis Nigeria Atlas Atlas Mountains atmosphere atmospheric science atom atomic orbital atomic period atomic structure atomic weight atonement attention Attis attitude Atum (TM) Atwater, Gordon audiovisual aid Aughrabies falls augury Augustine, Saint Auigancan Culture Aurora aurora at ground level Aurora-g auroral form auroral oval auroral storm Australasia Australia Australian Bight Australian glaciation Australian string dunes Australopithicus Austria Austroafrican authority autumn avalanche Avebury aversion, personal awareness of self axe, ax Axel Heiberg Island axial spin and tilt axiom axis Axis Mundi axis of fire, electric Ayala, Francisco J. Ayre's Rock Azerbaijan Azores Azov, Sea of Azovia Aztec B ================================================================== Baal Baalbek, Lebanon Babbage, Charles Babcock, Harold Delos Babel, Tower of (Babilu) Babylon, Babylonia Babylonian exile bacchanalia background radiation Bacon, Edward bacteria Bad-Hora badland Badlands of South Dakota Baffin island Baha Calif. cobblestones Bahamas Baikal lake Bailey, Valentine A. Baity, Elizabeth Chesley Baja California Gulf Coast Baker, Howard, B. Bakersfield sand hills Balaam text Bali Balkan Penninsula ball lightning ballgame, ballcourt Baltic sea Baltica Bam Bam ampitheaters Bamboo Annal Bancroftt, Hubert H. banded rock formation Banff, Alberta Bangladesh Bangladesh cyclone, 1991 Bantu forge baptism barad Barandiarn, JosBarchan dunes, Lima, Peru Barendregt, Ren Barnes, Thomas G. Barnes, Virgil Everett barometric light Barong Barranca del Cobre barrier burst flood barrier island barrier reef Barringer Meteor Crater Barstow sand, CA basin Basque Bass, Robert Bassinger, James Bast( et) Batavia Batk plateaus Bateson, William Batten, Alan H. Bauer, Henry Baume Latrone, France bay Bay of Fundy Bayeux (Queen Matilda's) tapestry be, (to) beach Beals Carleton S. Bear River, Alaska Bearsden, Scotland Beaty, Chester B. Beaumont, William C. Beaver fireball bedrock beds of destruction bedu mask Beehive House (tomb) Beersheba Bego Monte behavioral sciences behaviorism behemoth being Beisan Beit Mirsim Bel, Belos Belgium Belit (Ninlil) Belize Belize Reef bell Bell's paradox Bellamy, Hans Schindler Belorussia, Byelorussia belt series Beltane Ben Hadad Ben Nevis, Scotland Benbulbin, Ireland Beni Basin, Bolivia Bennett, William Harrison Bennu (phoenix) Benten (Benzaiten) Bentley, John bentonite Beppu thermal area Bequerel, Henri Beringea Bermuda Bermuda collision theory Bermuda deep Bermuda triangle Bernal, Ignaco Berosus (Bel-usur) Berthelot, A. beta () decay Beta () Geminorium (Pollux) Beta () Lyrae Beta () Persei (Algol) Beth Mirsim, Palestine Beth She'an, Israel Bhopal Bible, religious interpretation Bible, scientific study of Bible, translations Biblical Deluge bicameral Biela's comet Bifrost Big Bang, theory bilateral symmetry Billings, Montana Bilma, erg of Bimson, John J. binary star binding energy bindu biochemistry bioelectricity biogenesis biography biological ages biological magnetism biological pulsation biological transformation Biological tree biology bion biophysics biosphere Biosphere 2000 bipedalism bird bird migration bird navigation Bird, W. R. Birth-giving Male Bishop gravel, CA Bismark archipelago bison, primative representation Bittersprings Formation, Aust= l black hole Black Sea black shale Black Stone of Mecca Black virgin Blackett, P. M. S. blasphemy Blavatsky, Helena Blegen, Carl blood of the pharoahs blood sacrifice blood type bloodstone blue green algae blue hole Blue Ridge mountains Blummer, Max Blytt, Axel boar Bode's Law bodies, orbiting body, physical Bog Lake, Michigan Boghazkeui Bohemian Massif Bolsena, Lake bombardment Bonneville River and Lake Bora Bora bore hole boreal boreal opening Borrego Valley, CA Bosomtwe crater Bosque de Rocas, Peru Bosumtwi, Lake Boulanger, N. A. boulder boulder field Boulder gravel fan, Sea of Cortez boulder train boundary clay boundary value bow and arrow Boxhole crater, Australian boycott, of q-works Brahma, Brahmanna Brahmaputra River braided stream flow brain Brak, tell Brandon, S. F. G. Brassenpouy Brasseur de Bourbourg Bray forest Brazil Breasted, James Henry breccia, volcanic breeding Brent crater, Ontario (Bubastis, Egypt Bretz, J. H. Breuil, Henri brewing Briareux brick magnetism Briffault, Robert Brigit (Brigantia) brimstone brine bristlecone pine Britain Brittany brontosaur bronze Bronze Ages bronze serpent Brough, James Brouwer, -. -. Brown, E. W. Brown, Hugh A. Bruce, Charles E. R. Bruno, Giordano Bryce Canyon Buckland, W. M. Budge, Sir Ernest Alfred Thompson Wallis Buffon Bug Creek fossil bull worship Bullard, Edward buoyancy bureaucracy Burgess shale burial Burma burning bush Bushmen Byblos Baalat) C ================================================================== Cacahuamilpa caverns Cadmus, Kadmos Callisto-p Calymene (trilobite) Cambrian Period Camp Pendelton shoreline erosion, CA Canuto, V. canyon, submarine canyon, surface capacitor Cape Canaveral, Florida Cape Hatteras, NC Capella rising point carbon carbon cycle carbon dioxide carbon-14 carbonate mineral Carboniferous Period carbonization carcinogenic material Cardona, Dwardu Carey, Warren C. Caribbean Region Caribou Mountains Cadomin conglomerates caduceus Cajon Pass Calaveras man calcareous ooze calcinology calcite caldera Caledonian orogeny calendar Calgary silt California California, gulf of Callanish Campo del Cielo craters Canaan, Canaanite Canada Canadian arctic islands Canadian boulder broadcasts Canadian Rocky mountains Canadian shield Canadian Society for Interdisciplinary Studies (| CSIS|) Canary islands Candlemas Cango caves cannibalism Canning basin Canopus stone canopy theory Carli-Rubbi, Giovanni R. Carlsbad crater Carlson, J. B. Carmel, Mount carnival Carolina Bays Carozzi, A. V. Carpenter, Rhys Carquinez strait Carsbad caverns Carson Valley, NV Carthage Caspian Sea Cassini, Jacques cataclastic rock cataclysm cataforms Catal Hayuk catalysis catapulted ice catastrophe catastrophe, mathematics catastrophic dualism catastrophism catastrophist catatonism catechism cathode cattle cattle sacrifice Caucasoid Caucasus Mountains causality cave cave art cave dweller cave, bones found in cave, ice contained in caves, limestone celestial nucleogenesis celestial observation celestial sphere cell division cell, biological cellular necessity Celsius Celt, Celtic cementation, natural Cenozoic Era Cenozoic volcanism Central Australia central fire centrifugal force Cepola fish ceramic cerebral cortex cerebral hemispheres ceremonial & ritual object Ceres, planetoid Cerro Cerro Fitz Roy, Argentina Cetus Chad, lake Chagar Bazar, tell Chaldea, Chaldean chalk cliff Challinor, R. A. Chandler wobble Chandler, S. C. Chang Dynasty, China Chang Jiang (Yangtse River) change in nature change of environment change, attributes of change, cosmic change, human channel, river & stream Channelled Scablands, WA chaos Chardin, Teilhard de charge, electric chariot charisma charlatan Charon Charriere, -. -. chauvanism Chela, serra de Chellean man chemical bond chemical bonding chemical compound chemical element chemical marker, strata chemical reaction chemistry Chernoble cherubim chess Chetwynd, Thomas Cheyenne mounds, WY Chicago Fire chidren's songs & stories childhood children's rhymes chiliasm chimpanzee China Chinese choreography Chinook wind Chipewa indians Chiron chlorophyl Christian, Christianity christmas tree chromosphere chronology chronology, historical chronology, natural history chronometry, techniques Chubb crater, Quebec church architecture Churchill-Sempel, Ellen cinnamon cinnebar circle, stone (lithic) circular logic circular structure circum-Pacific pyric belt circumcision cither, kitharis city planning civilizations cladistic Clark, D. M. Clark, J. D. classification clastic sediment clay Clayton, Robert, N. Clearwater lake, crater cleavage of Earth climate climate, polar climate, temperate climate, tropical climatology clothing cloud club, (wooden) Clube, S. Victor coal coastal feature coastal landforms cobblestone anomaly cocolith code Coe, Michael D. coelacanth Coelus coesite cognition cognitive disorder Cohen, I. Bernard Cohen, J. P. cold fusion collective amnesia collective behavior collective memory colligative property collision, cosmic Colorado Colorado Plateau Colorado River delta Columbia (tidal) Glacier, AK Columbia flood basalts Columbia Icefield Columbia Plateau Columbia/ Frazer Valley system column, rock combat, ceremonial combustion comedy comet comet catastrophe comet composition comet encounter Comet Halley comet impact comet spectrum comet tail comet, core of comet, failed comet, omen comet, orbit decay of cometary injecta commensurable motion Commoner, Barry communication, biological & human communication, theory of companion star compass competition compound comprehension of quantity comptinology compulsion, compulsiveness compulsive repetition concensus conduction, thermal conductivity, accoustic conductivity, electric conference expertise confession, religious conflagration, universal conflict, interpersonal conflicting dates conjunction, planetary Connecticut conscience consciousness conservation principle, in nature conspiracy Constance, Lake constancy constellation contamination continent continent, quantavolution of continental drift (rafting) continental margin continental plate continental shelf continental shield continental tropism, lunagenic contours, topographic contraction of Earth Cantril, Hadley control, of self & others convection convection, atmospheric conventional science Cook, Melvin A. Cook, Mount cooking Copernicus, Nikolas copper copulation copulation, celestial Coral islands coral, atol Corban Karst region cord Cordillera Blanca, Peru Cordilleran megashear core drilling core, deep sea core, ice Coriolis effect Corliss, William corona, solar Corprates Canyon corprolite corpus callosum correlation, stratigraphic cosmic dust cosmic egg Cosmic Heretic cosmic lightning cosmic pillar cosmic pressure cosmic ray cosmogony cosmology cosmos Cosmos-s cotton count countervalancy of high energy forces countervalence Courville, Donovan, A. covenant cow, sacred Cox, Allen Cox, Douglas crater rater lake, Oregon crater ring, South Astralia crater, impact Craters of the Moon, Idaho craters with central mountains craton creation myths & systems creationism, biological creationism, geological creativity Cresswell crags, England Cretaceous Period Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary event Crete Crew, Eric crime, criminality crinoid crisis Cro-Magnon man crocodile Croll, J. cross cross-bedding crown of metal Crozier, W. D. crucifiction crust, displacement of Earth's crust, Earth's crustal rebound crustal spreading crustal subsidence crux anasta crystal Cuaretes, -. cuisine cultural change cultural hologenesis cultural relativity cultural synchronism culture culture, dating of Cumberland, MD cure Curetes Curie temperature Curie, unit of radiation current, Earth current, surface & deep sea Cuvier, Georges Cuyama Valley, CA cyanide Cyclades cycle cycle, historical & catastrophical cyclic stratification cyclolith cyclone Cyclops Cypress Hills gravel accumulation Cyprus Cyr, Donald D ================================================================== Dachille, Frank Dades gorges dadophoroi Daedala Daedalus Dagon Dalgacanga crater Dallol salt flats Dan, Lebanon dance Daniken, Erich von Danjon, Andre Danu (dana, anu) Danube River darekh Darius Dark Age( s) darkness Darwin, Charles Robert Darwin, Sir George Howard Darwinian revolution dating method Dating the World dating, absolute dating, relative datum, data Davies, James C. Davies, Paul Davis, Chester Davison, Charles day day length Dayak peoples de Geer, -. de Leonard, Carmen C. de Shaves, G. Dead Sea Dead Sea scrolls death Death Valley, CA decan decay constant Deccan traps, India deccan traps, India Dechend, Hertha von Deep Bay crater Deep Springs valley, CA deformation deGrazia, Alfred degree deification Deimos deity deity Dekkas volcanic formation Delaware Deloria, Vine Delphi delta deluge dema demagnetization Demodocus demon Dendera, Zodiac of dendochronology Denis of Halikarnassos density deoxyribose nucleic acid (| dna|) deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA) depolarization deposit, deposition depression, land depression, mental derivation, source desertification dessication, planetary detection detonation detritus Deucalion Flood deus otiosus deuteron deva, daeva devadasi devastation Devi devil Devil's tower Devonian period deVries, -. dew Dewey, John diagenic reaction diamond diapir, diapirism diastrophism diatom Diego-Suarez bay dielectric material Diespiter (Jupiter) diet Dietz, Robert Sinclair diffusion, cultural diffusion, physical Dilmun Dingle, Herbert dinosaur Dionysus Dioskouri dioxin dipole Dirac sea Dirac's equation Dirac, Paul A. M. disaster effects disasterous processes discharge of electricity discipline Disco Island, discontinuity discordant ages disease dismemberment dispersal displacement dissociation dissolved load distillation distortion distribution divine succession divinity, classes of Djamshidi, Tepe Djerid, Chott Dnebi Dobzhansky, -. Doda Fallet, Sweden Dodds, E. R. dog star Dogon tribe dolmen dolomite Dolomite mountains dome mountain domestication of animals Dominican Republic Donnelly, Ignatius Doppler effect Doran, Patrick dormancy double layer, electrical double star Dover, chalk cliffs of dowsing DQ Herculis dragon Drakensberg volcanics drama dramaturgy Dravidian Culture dream Dreamtime dress drift, continental drift, glacial drink drought drug Druid drum drumlin field Dry Falls, Washington Dubrow, -. Dudley, H. C. dumb-bell orbit dune Dunsmuir granite spires, CA Drer, Albrecht dust storm duToit, -. Dyaus E ================================================================== Ea (Enki) early human Earth axis Earth axis change earth charge earth chimney, hoodoos Earth crust Earth dilation Earth energy Earth expansion Earth figure Earth fracture Earth history Earth interior Earth magnetism Earth Mother Earth pole Earth radius Earth size Earth surface Earth's mantle Earth, composition Earth, development Earth, interior Earth, origin Earth, structure Earth-g Earth-p earthquake earthquake light earthquake prediction East African Rift Easter Island Ebla eclipse eclipse cycle ecliptic ecliptic precession ecology, ecological ecosphere ecstasy Ecuador ecumene Edda Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley Eddy, John A. Eden, Garden of education eel Eglinton River Valley, NZ ego Egyed, -. Egypt, Egyptian Egyptian calendar Egyptian Chronology Egyptian Dark Ages Einstein, Albert Eiseley, Loren. Eisley, Loren Eisriesenwelt El Chichon volcano El, Elohim Elam Elbrus, Mount electric electric behavior electric cosmos electrical charge electrical discharge electrical engineering electricity electrification on mountain tops electrolyte electromagnet electromagnetic encounter electromagnetic energy electromagnetic field electromagnetic spectrum electron electron bond electron-antielectron pair electron-deficient atom electronic microscope electrophoresis electrophysical effect electrosphere element element, chemical elephant Eleusis Elgon, Mount Eliade, Mircea Elijah Ellenberger, Charles L. Ellesmere Island elm embryo Emery, G. T. Emi Koussi Emiliani, Cesare emission spectrum empirical method Encke's Comet encounter, cosmic encounter, electromagnetic endocranial cast endocrine system energy energy budget, annual energy level energy source energy, conservation of Engels, -. England English fens Enki Enkomi Enlil Ennedi plateau Enosh entropy environment enzyme Eocene Epoch eolith eon, aeon Eosphaerra tyleri Eoster Etvs torsion balance epoch equation, conceptual equation, mathematical equator equatorial bulge equilibrium equinox equipartition, of energy equipotential surface equivalence principle Er era Erebus, Mount Ericson, David B. Eridu (Abu) Eros erosion erosional debris, missing erratic eruption escape velocity esker espionage in science estimate ether, aether ethics Etna, Mount Etruria, Etruscan Etruscan alphabet euphemism Euphrates River Europa-g Europa-p Evans, Sir Arthur John evening star Everest, Mount Everglades swamp, Florida evidence, rules of evolution evolved star Ewing, Maurice excited state excrement, fossilized exfoliation exile existential fear Exodus, the exosphere exoterrestrial exothermic expansion exothermic process exploding star exploration techniques explosion exponential notation exponential principle extinction( s) extremely low frequency energy, |elf| eye, cosmic Eyre, Lake F ================================================================== fable facies fact facula faggot fail Fairbanks, Alaska fairy faith fall fall of a city fall of gas fall of glass fall of ice fall of metal fall of rock and mineral fall of water and vapor fall, of ash and dust Fall, The falling star fallout Fara Faraday, Michael Farquahar, x. x. fatalism Faul, Henry fault fault-block mountains fauna faunal and floral succession fear feast feast of light feedback feldspar Fell, B. feminism Fennoscandian Rise feral humans ferro-electricity ferromagnetism fertility rite feruginous pigments Fester, R. festival Festival of Light fictional character field of knowledge field, physical Fig Tree rock series fine particle Fingal's cave Finland fire fire ritual fireball fired material firemaking Firsoff, V. A. first born" fish Fisher, Osmund fission dating fission, atomic fission, of large body fissure fjord, origin of flagellation flare, solar flash burn Flathead Valley, BC flight flint flood flood basalts flood gravel anomaly flood plain flood, catastrophic Florida Florida sediments flow of material fluvial pattern fluvial process flux flywheel Foehn wind fold morphology Folgheraiter, Guiseppe Folkin, A. V. folktale food and drink footprint forbidden energy state force, chemical force, electrical force, fundamental force, gravitational force, mechanical force, nuclear forces of Nature Forel, F. forget, forgetting formalism formation forminifera formula Forrest, Bob Forshufvud, Ragnar fort, ancient fossil fossil assemblage fossil imprint fossil record fossil river fossil string dunes fossil, radioactivity in fossilization foundations; philanthropic fourth dimension fractional crystalization fractional distillation fractionation fracture France Franco-Canabrian School Frank landslide Franklin Institute Franklin, Benjamin Frasnian Revolution fraud in science Frazer River Canyon Frazer, James George free will fresh water Freud, Sigmund Freya, Freyja friction fright frog fuel Fuhr, Ilse Fujiyama, Mount fulgurite fundamentalism Fundy, Bay of funeral rite fungi Funkhauser Furies fusain fusion fusion, nuclear future G ================================================================== Gabon Gabriel, Archangel Gaea, Gaia Gaietto, Piettro Galapagos islands galaxy Galilean satellites of Jupiter Galilei, Galileo Galileo-s Gallant, Rene Galton, Sir Francis Gambutis, Maria game gamma ray Gammon, Geoffrey Ganges delta Ganymede-p Garden of Eden gas gastrobleme Gawra, tepe Gaza Geb Geiranger Fjord geiser Geminid progenitor comet gender gene geneology general adaptation syndrome generation genesis genesis and extinction of species genetic realization genetics Geneva, lake Gentry, Robert geocentrism geochemistry geographically isolated population geography, history of geoid geologic column geological age geological ages, duration of geology geomagnetic geometry geomorphology geophysics Georgia, U. S. A. geosphere Gerard, Ralph Germany germination gestalt of creation gesture geyser Ghats, India ghost, spirit giant Giant's causeway giantism Giantopethecus Gibraltar Gilboa Gilgamesh Gimbutas, Maria Ginenthal, Charles Ginzberg, Louis Gisement of Micoque Gisement of Pennon Giyan, tepe glacial ice, origin glacier gland glass Glass, Billy global event global fracture global warming global warming Glomar Challenger gnomon gnosticism goat Gobi desert god God's Day God's fire god, goddess gold Gold, Thomas Golden age Golden fleece Goldfield Summit, NV Goldschmidt, R. Gomorrah Gondwana good and evil Goosen, Doeko Gordion Gordon, Cyrus gorge gorgon Gosselin, Pascal Francois Goetterdaemmerung Gould, Stephen Jay government Gowans, Alan grace gradualism Graf, S. M. grammar Grand Aarrat Grand Canyon Grand Coulee Grand Karroo Grand Teton Range granite granule graphite gravel Graves, Robert gravity, gravitation Great "Nevada" basin Great African rift valley Great barrier reef Great Basin Great Bear Great Bear Lake Great Britain Great flood Great Lakes Great Lakes Basin Great Pyramid Great Red spot Great Salt lake Great Slave Lake great tidal flooding Great Valley deposits Great Western Erg Great Year Greater Melanesia Greater Micronesia Greater Polynesia Greater Tasmania Greece, Greek Greek history Greenberg, Lewis greenhouse effect greenhouse, atmospheric Greenland Greenland crater Greenland ice cores Gregorian calendar Gregory, J. W. Gribbin, John Griffard, David Grinnell, George Gros Brukkaros structure group growth Guatemala guilt Guinea gulf Gulf of Mexico Gulf of Saint Lawrence Gunn, Ross Gunnison, Black Canyon of the Gurr, Ted Guthrie, W. K. C. Guyana Guyot Gwarkuh, (Persian crater) gypsum gypsy moth gyroscope H ================================================================== habit habitability Hadas, Moses Hades Hadrosaurs hail hairy star" half-life halicination Halley's Comet Halloway, -. hallucination Hama, Syria Hamath Hammam-Meskoutine Hammon hand, handedness hand-axe Hapgood, Charles Har Karkom, mount Harakhte Harappa Culture Harkenss, Doug harmonic motion harmony, of the spheres Harper's Ferry Harras Harris papyrus Harrison, E. R. Harrison, Jane Hartung, Jack, B Harz mountains Hathor Hatteras, Cape Hawaii, Hawaiian Hawkes, Jaequetta heat heaven Heavenly host heavens heavens, constancy Hebrades Hebrew, Hebraic Hecate hedonism Heezen, Bruce C. Heinsohn, Gunnar Heiratic writing heiroglyph Hekla volcano Helen of Troy heliocentrism Heliopolis Helios heliosphere helium Heller, Joseph hematite Hemen-g Henbury crater field Hephestus Hera Heracles Heraclid Heraclitus Herakles Herculeneum heresy Hermes Hermes stone Hermist hero Herodotus Herois Hertzler, J. R. Hesiod Hespherus Hess, Harry Hesy, tell-el-Heyrdahl, Thor Hibben, -. Hienghene bay hieroglyph hierophany Hieroplanes high-place Hills, J. G. Himalaya Himmalayan Orogony Hindu Hindu Kush Hindu lunar catastophe hippopotamous Hiroshima Hissarlik, Asia Minor historigraphy historism history Hitler, Adolf Hittite hoax, in science Hoba meteorite hog-back Holbrook, John holism Holister Holleford crater Holmsoland Klit holocaust Holocene hologenesis hologram, brain model holosphere Holy Dreamtime Holy Ghost Holy Mountain" homeland of mankind homeopathy homeostasis Homer Homeric Age Homeric aristocracy Homeric heros Homeric language Hominid hominid reversion Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo sapiens schizotypicus Homo schizo Homo schizo reformation homo sinemento Homo... homology homosexuality honey Hooker, J. T. hopeful monster" Hopi, people Hoerbiger, Hans horizontal strata hormone horns horse Horseshoe falls Horus-g Hosea Hoskins(-Boisen), R. G. hot spring Howorth, Henry Hoyle, Sir Fred hubris Hudson's Bay Hueyatlaco Huggett, Richard Huitzilopochtli human engineering human evolution human genesis human migration human nature human settlement human survival human variation humanist-scientist division humanization Humbolt, A. von Hume, David humidity humor Hungary hunger hunter, hunting hunter-gatherer hurricane Hutton, James Huxley, Thomas Hwang Ho river hydrocarbons, in manna hydrocarbons, in soil hydrocarbons, on Venus hydrogen bomb hydrolic cataforms hydrologic cycle hydrous meteorite hygene Hyginus Hyksos hymm Hyperborean Hyperion hypothetical construct I ================================================================== Iapetus ice Ice Age termination Ice age( s) ice cap ice cave ice core ice dump ice fall ice-free corridor iceberg Iceland icon iconography id Idaho idealism identification identity ideology iderot, -. idol, idolatry igneous rock Iguanadon Iliad Illimani, Bolivia illo tempore illusion in scripture illusion, spatial illusion, temporal Ilopango, El Salvador image image synthesis imagination, tricks of Imbolc immortality immunological impact impact (shock) metamorphism impact erratic impedance Imperial Valley, CA Inanna inbreeding Inca Indians incantation incarnation incense incest incline inclusion India, Indian Indian Ocean Indiana individuation Indo-Chinese penninsula Indo-European Indo-European language Indo-Iranian subfamily Indonesia Indra induction Indus River Indus Valley civilization inertia infantacide inferiority complex infra-red inheritance initiation rites inner language Inntal, Tyrole Inquisition insanity inscription insect insect, queen inspiration instability instinct instinct delay institution institutions, primeval insulation, electrical integration of ideas integration of ideas intelligence intensity interference intermolecular force interstellar matter introgenesis intrusion invention inversion of strata invertebrate invisibility invisible matter Io, ion torus Io-g ion ionosphere Ions, Veronica Iowa Ipuwer papyrus Iran Iraq Ireland iridium anomalies iron Iron age iron formations irradiance irrational number Irrawddy River Isaac Isaacson, Israel M. Isaiah Isbell, William Isenberg, Aurthur Ishim, Kazakhstan Ishmael Ishtar Isis Islam island arcs Isle-de-France isostacy isotope isotope ratio isotopes, table of Israel Issyk Kul Itabirito, Brazil Italy Ithica, Ithaki ithyphallic ivory Ivory Coast Ivory Island, Siberia Ix Chel J ================================================================== Jacob (Israel) Jacot, L jaguar James, Peter James, William Janet, Pierre Japan, geography Japan, Japanese Japan, mythology Japanese language Jashar, Book of Jaspers, Karl Jastrow, Robert Java man Java trench Java, Island of Jaynes, Julian jazz Jebel-Irhoud Jeferson, Thomas Jefferys, Harrold Jehovah Jehovah's Witnesses Jeremiah Jerico Jeroboam Jerome, Saint Jerusalem Jesus (Christ) jet-rain jet-stream, atmospheric jewelry jewelry, celestial jewelry, motifs jewelry, uses Jewish historiography Jewish history Jewish legends Jewish, calendars and festivals Jewish, cosmic philosopy Jewish, mysticism Jews Jews, early wandering Job Job, Book of Johanson, Donald O. John, Saint, the apostle Johnson, F Jones, J. C. Jordan, Pascual JOS Joseph of Egypt Josephus Flavius Joshua Joule's Law Joule, James Prescott journalism, scientific Jovea, age of Jovian jubilee Jubilee Pass Judah ha-Levi Judaic monotheism Judaism Judaism, catastrophes influencing Judaism, divine entities Judaism, earliest sources and practices Judaism, Mosaism Judeideh, tell judgement of the soul, depiction Judges, Book of Jueneman, Frederick Juergens, Ralph C. juggernaut June Jung, Carl jungle and tropical forests Jupiter effect Jupiter-g, attributes and behaviors Jupiter-g, specific latin legends Jupiter-g, typical effects produced by Jupiter-g, world-wide identification Jupiter-p, composition and appearence Jupiter-p, external transactions Jupiter-p, history and origins Jupiter-p, radio-noises Jupiter-p, satellites of Jupiter-p, typical phenomena associated with Jura Mountains Jurassic Period Justin, the historian K ================================================================== Ka Kadesh Kadmus Kafer-Djarra, necropolis of Kagra River Kaibab formation Kalambo Falls Kalevala Kali Kallen, Horace Kalopsida Kalos, Kalotics Kalpas Kamchatka kames Kansas Kant, Emmanuel Kapitza Kaplan, Lewis kara structure Karakoram, India Karkom, Mount karma karst topography Kas shipwreck Kashmir Kassite Katewe Craters Kazakhstan Keen Camp summit Keewatin Keill, John Keller, Gerta Kellogg, V. L. Kelly, Alan O. Kelvin, Lord (Wm. Thompson) Kennett, J. P. Kentucky Kentucky, Mammoth Cave Kenya Kepler Kern River boulders and cobblestones kerykeion Kesil Kessler Loch Kester kettle Khima Kicking Horse Pass Kilamanjaro Kilauea, Hawaii Kimberlites Kimberly mines kinetic energy kinetic molecular theory king list King shepherd King, Clarence I. King, Henry, C. Kinnekulle, Sweden Kinsborn kinship kitchen midden kitharis Klamath mountain arc Kloosterman, Hans Knossos knowledge Knudtson, J. A. Kobuk Sand Hills, AK Koch, R. H. Koestler, Arthur Kofarh, Robert E. Kogan, Shulamith Kohoutek, Comet Kojiki scripture Koko Nor, China Kola Bore Hole Kola Penninsula, Russia Komarek, Edourd V. Sr. Kondratov, Alexander Kopal, Zdenek Koran Korea kosher kosmos Kosmos-s Kotelnoi island Kotor, Gulf of Koyukok River Krakatoa Kramer, Richard Kramer, Samuel Krishna Kronia Group, publishers of AEON Kronos, Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies krypton Kugler, Francis Xavier kuh-i-Namack Kuhn, Thomas Kukla, G. J. Kumar S. Kumara Kurdistan Krten, Bjoeren Kurtz, Paul Kuwait Kwale islands Kweilin karst L ================================================================== La Brea pit, California La Cluna cave La Malbaie crater, Quebec Laacher See Labrador labrynth Lachish lady of Nordic Pantheon carbon laetoli beds Lagrange, restricted solution Lagrangian point lahar Lake Agassiz Lake Bonneville Lake Calgary flood lake dwelling Lake Humbolt Lake Isabella, CA Lake Missoula Lake Pend Oreille, ice dam Lake Wackitupe, NZ lake, origins of Lamark, -. lamina Lammas land bridge landform landform, shaping of landslide Lane, Frank Lang, Andrew Langerie Haute language language, diffusion Laos LaPlace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de Lapland LaPonit, P. I. Laramie formation Larderello hot spring Larry, R. D. Lascaux Caves laser Laskar Lassen Peak Lasswell, Harold D. Late Kingdom latent heat lateral displacement laterate laurel lava laws, in science lead leader gene hypothesis Leaky, Louis B., Mary & Richard least interaction action Lebanon Leclerc, G. L. Lederer, Wolfgang legend Lehmann, -. Leibnitz, Gottfried Leiden papyrus Lemaire, J. Lena river lens Leonardo da Vinci Leroi-Gourhan Les Eyzies de Tayac LeSage, George-Louis Letopolis Levant/ Dead Sea Rift Levi-Strauss, Claude Leviathan Leviathan cave Lexell's Comet Leyden jar Liakhov island Libby, Willard Frank libedo liberalism Liberia liberty Libra library Libya, Libyan lichen life life and entropy life span life, biotic precursors of light light pressure light refraction lightning lignite Lilith limbic system limestone Linear B script Lingua Adamisa linguistic ideology linguistics lion lion, rampant Lisbon earthquake listric fault literature litergy lithic wear analysis lithosphere Lithuania Little Salt spring Littlewood, -. -. loam local neutral Loch Ness loess logic Loham mountain Loma Prieta earthquake London Geologic Society Long, C. H. lost tribe Lot Lotan love low elevation meteor Lowel, Percival Lowery, Malcolm Lucerne, lake Lucifer luck Luckenbill, D. D. Luckerman, Marvin Lucretius, -. Lucy" Lukens luminosity lunagenesis lunar ... lunar calendar lunar fission Luxor Lycia, tombs of Lycosoura Lyell, Charles Lyons, France lyre Lystrosaurus Lyttleton, Raymond M ================================================================== Ma, E. M. Maadin Mabon Maccoby, Hyam MacCrea, W. H. MacDonnel Bay, Australia MacGowan, -. MacGregor, J. machine Mackenzie river Mackie, Evan W. MacMillan Book Co. MacNeish, Richard S. macro-evolution Macrobius Madura, Australia Magdalenian Mage, Shane Magi magic Magiddo magistrate Magna Grecia magnetic decay magnetic mapping magnetic pole magnetic reversal magnetic tube magnetism magnetite magnetization magnetosphere magnitude magnolia Mahabharata Mahemet main sequence star Mainwaring, Bruce Maiori maize Majdalouna, necropolis of Malagasi Malapina Glacier Malay Penninsula Maldeve Islands Mali Malkus, W. V. R. Malta Malthus, David mammal mammoth Mammoth cave, Kentucky Man (early in America) Manavgat River Mandelkehr, Moe Mandraka falls Manetho manganese manic depressive Manitoba mankind manna manna, medicinal properties manna, nutritional properties Manson structure Manson, Lewis A. Manu Maori lore map Maran, S. P. Maranatos, S. Marble Canyon sand deposit, AZ Marcanton, Pierre L. March Marduk Mare Imbrium marfa lights Margolis, Howard Mari marine extinction Mariner-s marriage Mars-g Mars-p Marshak, Alexander marsupial Martia, age of Martin, P. S. Martinatos, Spiridon Marut Marx, Christoph Marx, Karl Marxist paradigm Maryland mascon mass organization mass spectrum mass, physical mass, religious mass-luminosity relation Massif Central, France massive dunes, Somali coast massive ion massive sand-deposit mastaba mastodon materialism mathematics matter Mauna Loa, Hawaii Maunder minimun Mauritania mausoleum Maxwell, James Clerk May Maya, Mayan maypole Mazama mountain Mazda Mazzuroth MBI" people McClintock, Barb McKinnon, Roy McLaren, D. J. meaning measure and test Mecalli scale Mecca mechanics mechanism Mecklenberg Lake medicine, medicinal megalithic monument megalomania Megiddo megolith Meinesz, Venning F. A. meiosis Mekong river melt melting point membrane, cellular memorial generation memory Memphis Mendel, Gregor Mendeleev, D. I. Mendocino, CA menstruation, menstrual mental health/ illness mentation Menzel, Donald mer Merapi, mount Mercalli scale Mercanton, P. L. Mercator projection Mercator, Gerardus Mercuria, Mercurian Period Mercury-g Mercury-p Merovingian period Meservey, R. mesiah, mesianism Meso, ..., Middle... Meso-America, Mesoamerican mesocortex Mesolithic period meson Mesopotamia, Mesapotamian Mesopotamian chronology Mesozoic era Mesquite gravel, NV Messabi Iron Range metabolism metal metalurgy metamorphic rock metamorphosis metaphor metaphysics meteor meteor crater Meteor Crater," AZ meteor shower Meteora, Greece meteorite meteorite, encounter with meteorites from Mars meteoroid meteorology meter, metre methane methodology Methusalah Meton Metonic Cycle metric system Mexico mica Micah Michael, Archangel Michell, John Michelsohn, Irving Michigan Michigan, Lake micro-comets microlithic technique microrganism microscope microwave energy Mid-Atlantic ridge Middle Bronze age Middle East Midgard Midsummer Midsummer Night's Dream migraine migration, animal migration, bird migration, human Milankovitch, M. Milford Sound, N. Z. Milford Sound, NZ Milkom" Milky Way millennialism Miller, Alice Miller, Hugh mima mound Mimas mimicry mind mineral Minerva mining Minnesota Minoa, Minoan Miocene epoch miracle mirage Mireaux, Emile Mishrife missing link missing mass Mississippi River Mississippi, U. S. A. Mississippi-Missouri Basin Missoula, Lake Missouri, U. S. A. Mistaseni (Sask. rock) misteltoe Mitanni Mithra mitosis mixture, chemical mnemonic Moazcas model, scientific Moen Cliffs, Denmark Mogollon Rim river gravel, AZ Mohenjo-daro moho (discontinuity) mohole Moldavite tektites molecule Moloch momentum Monaco Monan monarch money, catastrophic origin Mongolia monolith monotheism monsoon monster Mont Blanc, France Montana Montazuma Hills, CA Monte Bolca Montgomery Creek formation month Monument Valley monumentalism Moon moon worship Moon-g Moon-p Moore, Brian Moorea, French Polynesia morality Morar Loch, Scotland Morgan, Elaine Morgan, Lewis H. Morning Star Morocco Morris, Charles Morris, Henry Morrison, Philip Moses motion motive Motz, Lloyd mound builder Mount Saint Helens Mount Shasta mineral deposits Mount Shasta, CA Mount Sinai Mount Whitney, CA Mount Woodson granite mountain range mouse mouse, cosmic Mousterean culture Mozambique Mt. Pelee Mt. Pinatubo, Phillipines Mu" muck mud Mudies Muir Glacier, Alaska Muldrow Glacier, Alaska Mullen, William (Bill) Mller, Max Muller, William. multiple star system Munk, W. H. Murchison meteorite murmmurings, of crowd museum music music of the spheres mutagenic agent mutation mutual repulsion Mycenea, Mycenean Myres, John mysticism myth interpretation myth, mythology mythical and celestial movement mytho-linguistic mythology N ================================================================== Nabonnasar Nafud Desert depression Nagasaki names of gods names of planets Namibia Nammu Nampa image Nanga Parbat Nansen, F. Naos of El Arish Napier, William M. naptha narcissism Narmada River, India Narryer, mount Nasca, Peru nastic National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) natural force natural history natural law natural rights natural scientist natural selection naturalism nature Nature, periodical Naughton Navajo sandstone navigation, primitive Naxos, Greece Nazis, Nazism Neanderthal man Near East Nebo Nebraska Nebraska Sand Hills Nebuchadnezzar nebula nebular cosmogony Nectanebo nectar Needham, -. needs, human negative electrical charge negative exponentialism negro race Nelson, John H. Nemesis Nemi Lake Neo..., New... neocortex Neolithic age Nepal Neptune-g Neptune-p Nergal nervous system nest Nestor, Palace of Netherlands Neugebauer, Otto neurons neurosis neurotic neutral, neutrality; electric neutrino neutron star neutron transformation Nevada Nevadan Revolution Neville, -. New Brunswick, Canada New Hampshire New Jersey New Madrid earthquake New Mexico New River, CA New Scientist, periodical New Testament New Year's Day New York New Zealand Newcomb, Simon Newfoundland Newgrosh, Bernard Newham, -. Newton, Sir Isaac Newtonian definitions Newtonian formulations Ngorongoro Crater Niagra falls Nibelungen Nicaragua Nichmed nickel Niederberger, Chistine Niemann, V. D. Nieto, M. M. Nietzsche, Friedrich W. Niger Republic Niger river Nigeria nihillism Nile river Nilsson, Herbert nimbus Nimrod Nineveh Ninninger, H. H. Ninurta Nipponia Nippur Nirvana Nishapur mines Nitovikla nitrate nitrite nitrogen nitrogen cycle nitrogen oxides Nix Olympia Noah's flood Noah, Noachian noble savage" node Noga noise pollution noise, accoustic noise, cosmic noise, electrical nonconformity, geological Nonnos Nordic myth Nordic, Norse normal normality, abnormality Norman, John North America North American Flood North American Lacustrian Rift North American tektite field North Carolina North Dakota North Pole North Sea North Star North, Robert G. Northern Kingdom of Israel Northwest Territories, Canada Norway nova Nova Komenei Nova Scotia Novaya Zemlya, Siberia novel November nuclear energy nuclear missile nuclear physics nuclear reaction nuclear synthesis nucleic acid nucleon nucleotide nucleus, atomic nucleus, cell nuclidic masses Numa Pompilius number numbers, sequences and series numen nursery rhyme Nut nutrition O ================================================================== O'Geoghan, Brendon O'Keefe, John A. O. K. Oahu, Hawaii Oannes oasis Ob-Irtysh Basin obliquity obliquity, changes oblisk observatory obsession obsidian Occam, William of occultism ocean ocean basin Oceana, cultures of oceanic flood gravel Oceanic plate subduction oceanogrophy ocher October Odessa Odin Odysseus Odyssey Oedipus Oesel island Oestrus Ogden, J. G. III Ogyges Ohio oil oilfield Okeanos Oklahoma Okotoks erratic Old Crow Basin, Yukon Old Faithful geyser Old Man of Hoy Old One of the Sea" old red sandstone Old Testament Olgas, the olive oil Olivet, mount Olmec world Olympia Olympic games Olympus Mt., Mars Olympus, Mt., Greece Oman omen Ometepe Island and volcanoes omnipotence of thought Omo River Omoroca Ontario Oort cloud of comets Oosterhout, G. van ooze Oparin, A. I. ophiolite Ophiolites Optimkist's Cave, U. S. S. R. oracle orbit orbit transition (solar system) Orbiter-s order Ordovician hammer ore deposit Oregon organic geochemistry organic illness organic sediment organization orgy, orgiastic orientation oriented lakes origin of life original horizontality" concept original man Ormuzd Ornstein orogeny Orontius Fineus Orphic hymns Orphic mysteries orthogenesis oscillator Osiris Osmaniye osmium Othus Otto, Walter F. Ouadi es Seboua ought" ought-is" problem Ouranos Ouroboros outcropping outwash Ovendon, Michael W. overfold overturned strata Ovid Owens Valley aprons owl ox-bow lake Oxnard, Charles oxygen oxygen isotope ratio oxygen, transmutation of oxygenation of the atmosphere oyster ozone P ================================================================== Pacific ring of fire Pacific rise Pacifica Padagonian man paean pagan Page, Denys Paine-Gaposchkin, Celia Pakicetus fossil Pakistan palaeo-anthropology palaeo-biochemistry palaeo-climate palaeontology Palenque paleography Paleokoutella Paleolithic Age, Palaeolithic paleomagnetism paleontology Paleozoic Era Palestine palladium Pallas Palmer Paluxy footprints Pamir range Panama pandemonium Pangea, Pangaea pangenesis panic Panku pantheism pantomine papurus parable paradigm Paraguay parallax paranatellonta paranoia parapsychology Paricutin, Mexico Paris, France Paris-g Parry, Alan parthenogenesis Parthenon particle particle physics particle/ wave duality parturition Pascal, Blaise Passover Patagonia, fjords of patriachy Patroni, Giovanni Patten, Donald Patterson, Clair paucity of evidence Pausanias, -. Payne-Gaposhkin, Cecilia peace peat pebble pediment peer review Peirce, Charles Peking man Pelasgians Pelean volcano Peleg Peloponnesian Penninsula Peltier, Jean penance pendulum peneplain Penniston, G. B. Pennsylvania Pennsylvanian Period Pensee Pentecost penumbra Peoples of the sea Pepi peptide percept perception periastron pericentron perigee perihelion period period, geologic period, resonant period, sidereal period, synodic Periodic table permafrost Permean period Permian Period Persia, ancient Persia, Persian Persian Gulf personality personification perspective perturbation Peru Peruvian gravel anomalies Pestigo fire pestilence Petrie, W. M. S. petrifaction, petrification petrified forest Petrified Forest, AZ petroglyph petroleum Petrona skull Petterson, Hans Pfeiffer, John Pfeiffer, Robert H. Phaeacia Phaeton phallic Pharoah Ramses phase phenol phenomenology phenomenon philanthropy Philippine Islands Philistine pick philosophy phlogiston Phobos Phoebe Phoebus Phoenicia, Phoenician Phoenix, AZ phonetic, phonemic phosphate phosphoresence phosphorous photochemistry photoelectricity photography photometry photon photosphere photosynthesis phylogenic inheritance physical binary system physics physiology Phystos Phythian oracle pi Pi-ha-kiroth Pickering, William pictograph piezoelectricity pigmentation Pikaia Pikering, William Pilat dunes pilgrim pillar pillar of fire" Pillars of Hercules Piltdown man Piltdown, England Pindar, -. pingo Pioneer-s Piri Reis map placebo plague Plagues of Egypt plain planaria planarian Planck, Max plane, ecliptic planet planetarium planetary gods planetary motion planetary nebula planetary tide planetary, transaction planets and human directives planets, in language plant plasma plasma, cosmic plastic flow Plata, rio de la plate tectonics plateau Plato pleasure Pleiades Pleione pleisiosaurus Pleistocene Epoch Pleistocene-Holocene Boundary plenum Plinian eruption Pliny Pliocene epoch plot Plotinus plural environment plural selves Plutarch Pluto-g, god Pluto-p, planet plutonic rock plutonium plutonium, toxicity Pobitite Kamani poetic meter Poincare, Jules Henri Point Loma erratics poison Polaki, Lake Poland Polanyi, Michael polar icecap, shift polarization political control political science politics politics of science pollen polluted sediment pollution Polonium poly-ego Polybius polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAH polymerase chain reaction polymorphism Polynesia polyploidism polytheism Pont d'Ambon Ponto-Aralian Mediterranean Ponway gravel Popocatepetl Popol Vuh Epic popular science population porosity Porphyrion Portugal Poseidon positivism Postojna Cave potassium-argon dating potential energy potential, electric pottery poultry Poverty Point, Louisiana power, intellectual power, physical power, political Poznansky, Arthur pragmatics of legend Pratt, J. H. prayer Pre-Cambrian Era precession of equinoxes precident, need for precipitation predestination Predmost, Moravia prehistory preservation pressure group, lobby pressure of light pressure, biological pressure, environmental pressure, physical Prestley, Joseph Prestwich, Joseph prevailing wind Priam, T. priapic wand Pribriam, Carl Price, George McCready priest primary primate primeval sculpture primevalogy primordial soup" principal star in binary system priority in scientific discovery pro-human ape pro-selenes pro-Selenian probability process Proclus professionalism progress projection Prometheus promised land" proof prophecy of doom prophet propoganda protein protoplasm protozoa Prouty, W. F. Psyche psychiatry psychic mechanism psychoanalysis psychobiographical psychological therapy psychology psychoneurosis, psychosis psychosomatic genetics psychosomatism Ptah Pterosaur Ptolemy, Claudius public policy publishing pulsar pumice punctuated equilibrium punishment punition punt Puys volcanic chain Pylos pyramid Pyrannes, mountain range Pysanky Pythagoras python Q ================================================================== q, charge on electron q-quantavolution Q-series Qalaat-er-Rouss Qraye, necropolis of quackery quadrant quadrature quantavolution quantification quantity quantum quantum relativity quantum sedimentation quantum-mechanics, theory of quark quartz quasar Quaternary Period Quebec Queen of Heaven" Queen of Sheba Queenstown, NZ Quetzelquotl Quiche Mayans quicksand quintessence R ================================================================== Ra, Re Raabjerg mile dunes Rabbitkettle hot springs Rabinowitz, Eugene race radar Radhakrishnah, V. radiant genesis radiation radiation chemistry radiation detector radiation sickness radiation storm radiation therapy radiation, biological effects of radical, chemical radient genesis radio radio-halo radioactive dating, (RAD) radioactive decay radioactive halo radioactive isotope radioactive waste radioactive, radioactivity radioastronomy radiochemistry radiochronometry radiogenic helium radiometry radium radon rafting rafting of land masses Raikes, Robert J. rainbow Rainbow Bridge, Utah rainmaking raised sealevel Rakha Ralph, Elizabeth Rama Ramadan Ramapithicus Ramayana Ramesses II Ramona cobbles, CA Rampino, M. R. Ramses II Ramses III Ramses VI Rank, Otto Raphael Rapp, George Ras Shamra Ras-el-Ain rational rationalism rationality Raup, David M. Rawanda Rawlinson, Gerald rayed crater reading backwards realism reasonable reasoning recall recency recent time reception system, science Reck, H. recombination, genetic red colored environmental substances Red Deer badlands red dwarf star Red Sea red shift red tide reductionism reef refining, metal refining, natural refraction refrigeration, natural Rehoboam Reich, Theodor Reich, Willhelm Reid, G. C. relative density relativity in physics relativity, social relief religion religion, reformation religion, sociology of REM, unit remains, human & animal remanence, magnetic remission remnant, celestial renaissance repetitiveness reproduction, exponential rates reproductive system reptile reservoir, natural Reshetov, Yuri resistance resonance resonance, physical resonant ratio respiration retired god reversed magnetism reversion to hominidae revolution, intellectual revolution, political revolution, scientific revolution, social Rezanov, I. A. Rhaecus Rhea rheology Rhine river Rhine River valley Rhodesia Rhone glacier Rhone River rhyme Rhys-Carpenter rhythm rhythm, biological Ricci Richat structure ridge Ries Crater Rift, African Rift, Mid Atlantic rifting Rig Veda right handedness right hemisphere Riley, C. J. rille rille, lunar Rilli, Nicola ring of fire" ring, planetary ring-around-the-rosey" Rio de Janeiro ripple mark ripple marking in rock rising land rite of passage Rittmann, A. ritual river river delta Rivers, W. H. R. Rix, Ziv Roche Limit" Rochenbach rock rock art rock chimney rock salt Rock, Fritz Rocky Mountain structures Rocky Mountains rod Rodabaugh, David rodent Roheim, Geza role-playing Roman religion Rome, Roman Rommulus, Remmus Rooser, R. G. Rose, Lynn Rosetta stone Ross ice shelf rotation Rousseau, Jean-Jacques Roussel, Rene routine rubble hill Rubezahl Ruffignac Rugus, Carl W. rulers runaway" star Runcorn, S. .K Russell, Bertrand Russell, D. A. Russell, Henry Norris Russia Rutherford scatter Ryan, W. B. F. S ================================================================== Sabbat Sacral man sacrament sacred sacrifice sacrifice ritual saga Sagan, Carl Saguenay river Sahara Sahara, Saharan Sea Sahul Saint-Hilaire, Geoffrey Salinas Valley alluvial fan, CA Salop, L. J. salt salt dome, salt plug salt flat, salt pan salt lake Salt Lake crater Salt pans, S Australia salt, evaporation of brine saltation Salton Sea, California Salzkammergut, Austria Sammer, Jan Samoa Samson San Andreas Fault San Diego Hills, CA San Felipe ocean flood apron San Francisco earthquakes San Jacinto Mountains sanctification sand sand barrier sand dune sandstone sandstorm Sanhain sanity Santa Klaus Santillana, Giorgio di Santorini remnant Sardinia Sargasso Sea Sargon Saskatchewan Saskatchewan gravels Satan satellite satellite, artificial satellite, celestial satrap Saturn symbol Saturn's rings Saturn, binary Saturn-g Saturn-p Saturnalia Saturnia, Saturnian Age Saturnian Deluge Saturnian nova satyr Saudia Arabia Saul Saul, John Saussure, F de scabland scale-m scale-w Scaligar, J. J. scanning electron microscope scarab Scarisora Cave Schaeffer, Claude Schindewolf, Otto H. schist schizophrenia, schizophrenic schizotypicality Schliemann, Heinrich Schorr, Edward Schramm, David Sciaparelli science science fiction Science, Organ of the American Association for the Advancement of Science scientific espionage Scotia Sea scripture Scrope, George Poulett sculpture, ancient sea feature sea level Sea level changes in seafloor exploration seafloor, spreading seamount season, seasonal Second Millennium BC secret word secularism sediment sedimentary meteorite sedimentation sedition & science seed seismic discontinuity seismic sea wave seismism seismology Selene self awareness self control self destructiveness self fulfillment self-rule Selimiye Selye, Hans semantics Semele semiconductor Semiotics semite Seneca Senegal Senmut Sennacherib sense( s) separation of heaven & earth serpent Serpent mound serpentine Servan, lake Set, Seth settlement, primeval Seuss, H. E. Sewa Sewalich Hills sex sexual selection sexuality Seychelles shadow Shakespeare shale Shaman Shamash Shamayim Shansi Loess region Shapley, Harlow sheath, electric Sheldrake, R. Shelton, John S. Sherman Glacier, AK Shiaparelli, Giovanni V. shield volcano Shimkunas Shinto Ship rock Shishak Shiva Shklovskii, I. S. shock shock metamophism shock therapy Shocked quartz shoreline sial Siberia Siberian craters Sicily Sieff, Martin Sierra foothills sand blanket, CA Sierra Leone sign sign language Sigri, petrefied forest Sihkism silica, silicate silicon silification silt silver Simiriyan, tell simple harmonic motion, SHM Simpson, George G. Simpson, John, A. simultaneous havoc sin Sinai Sinanthrupus Singer, Fred sink sinkhole sinking land Sinn Sirius Sisthrus Sithylemenkat, lake Siwalik hills size Sizemore, Warner Skidi Pawnee sky sky mimicry sky movement sky-gods Slabinsky, Victor slavery Slavs sleep Sleeping Bear dunes slip fault Slovensky Raj Smart, W. M. smelting smite Smith, William Smokey Valley, NV snake Snake River Canyon social imprinting social invention social science socialism Society For Interdisciplinary Studies (London), SIS society over time sociology Socrates Soda Lake, Chad sodium chloride Sodom soft landing soil solar antapex solar flare Solar magnetic field solar mansion" Solar motion solar power solar prominence solar radar solar size solar storm Solar System solar wind Solaria Binaria solid Solinus Solomon Solomon's temple Solon solstice solution, chemical Somaliland songs, sacred sonic boom Soos Springs, Czechoslovakia soot in sediments Sophist Sorenson, I. Sorokin, Pitrim Sothic dating Soufriere volcano sound, catastrophic South Africa South America South Carolina South China Sea South Dakota South Pole South Sea Islands South-East Asia Soviet Union space exploration space infra-charge space medicine space plasma space science space, concept of space-charge sheath space-time Spain Spangler, George W. Spanish Sahara Spanos spark, electrical Sparkling Goat" Sparta, Spartan specialization species specific charge ratio specific gravity spectre spectroscopy spectrum spectrum class of stars spectrum measurement speech speech disorders speleothem Spencer, Herbert sperm Sphinx Spinden spirituality Spitzbergen Spokane Flood sport spring Spring Equinox Sri Lanka St. Elmo's Fire St. Gervais, France St. Lawrence River stability, constancy Stag dance stalactite stalagmite Stalinism stampede standard atmosphere standard geologic column Stanley, Steven M. star star as pointed emblem star dunes, W Algeria star emblem statics statistics statitc electrification Stecchini, Livio Steibing, Wm. Steinhaur, Loren C. stellar evolution stellar population stellar structure Stengler, William Steno, Nicholas Surinam Stenson, Niels Stephanos, Robert stereotyping Stetson, -. Stevanson, ?. ?. Still, Elmer G. stimulus-responce stoicism stone Stone Age Stone calendar stone circle Stone Mountain, Georgia Stonehenge stones, falling strata, statification stratigraphy stratographic column stratosphere stream channel striation strike string dunes, Arabia Stromboli, volcano strontium structure structure of nature Stube, -. styx subatomic particle subduction sublimation submarine canyon submarine mountain submarine seep subsidence succession of gods Sudbury, Ontario Suess, Eduard Sugarloaf mountain Suhr, E. George suicide sulfur compound Sullivan, Walter sulphur Sumer, Sumerian Sumner, William Graham sun worship Sun, James Sun, myths & dances Sun, Sol Sunda Arc sundial sunken land sunspot super ego Super Saturn Super Uranus superconductivity supernatural supernova superstition supression, devices of supression, techniques of Surabhi Surtsey, Iceland Surveyor-s survival survival of the fittest" survivor Sutherland Falls, NZ Sutter Buttes, Marysville, CA Swaddle, T. W. Swanscombe Man swastika Sweden Swift-Tuttle, Comet Switzerland Sybil syllogism symbol symbolic logic symmetry of form symptom Synagogue synapse synchronization of history syncline synodos, synodic period synthetic Q-theory Syria Syrian-Palastinian Rift Valley Syro-Palestine systemic mutation Szasz, Thomas T ================================================================== T'ien Ta-hsueh Mountains Taal Lake & Volcano Taannek, tell tabernacle Tabernacle of Moses Table Mountain taboo tail Talbott, David N. Talbott, George Talbott, Stephen L. Talmud & Midrash talos Talyche Tamboro Volcano Tamil Tammuz Taoism tar sand Tarse tarsier taxonomy Taylor, Thomas Teays River Tecate Summit technology, development of technology, origin Teilhard de Chardin, Pierre Teishebaini tektite teleology teleostei telescope, optical telescope, radio tell Temecula Valley temperature temple Temple of Jerusalem temple, archetecture temple, origin Temple, Robert Ten Commandments Tenerife, Canary Islands tensile strength Teotihuacan tera-ampere Terminal Cretaceous Catastrophe Ternifine fossils terra-cotta relief Terrace, H. S. terrestrial ecosystem terrestrial methane territory as claimed habitat terror Tertiary Period Tesla, Nikola test test of time test, general test, of matter test, philosophical testing, mental Tethyan Sea Tethys belt tetrapyrrole pigment Teutonic religion textual critiscism texture & structure of rock Tey Gawra Tezcatlipoca Thackrey, Ted Thailand Thales of Miletus Thamud Thanatos Thenus theology theomachy theophobia theory theotrophic theotropy Thera, Thira therapsids therapy thermal energy thermal expansion thermal metamorphism thermocline thermodynamics, laws of thermoluminescence in dating thermonuclear reaction, fusion thermosphere Theseus Thira tholos Thom, Rene Thomson, Sir William Thor thorium series Thoth thought thought disorder thought process, thinking Thoum, Pharaoh Thao Three Valley Gap gravels throne thrust thrusting, rock Thule thunderstorm Thutmose I Thutmose II Thutmose III Tiahuanaco Tiamat-Apsu Tibet tidal bore tidal flat tidal friction tide Tiglath Pileser III Tigris River Tikal till, glacial tilting, axial Timaeus time time of humanization time, current measurements of time, disclosure in rocks time, disclosure in statigraphy time, perception of time, physiological clock time, psychology of timescale Timna tin Tiryns Titan titanotheres Tithonius Lacus Titicaca, Lake Tiubergen, Nickolaos Tlachtli Tlaloc Tlazolteotl Toba lake, Indonesia tohu-bohu tomb Tompkins, Peter tool topography Torah tornado, whirlwind & waterspout torque torus totem, totemism toungues, speaking in Tower of Babel" town plan toxicity, plutonium trace element tradition tragedy Trainor, Lynn transactive matrix Transarctic Mountains translation transmission of brain messages transmutation transmutation of chemical elements transparency of water trap, petroleum trauma tree tree, cosmic tree-ring dating trenche, submarine trepidation Tresman, Harold Triassic Period Triassic-Jurassic Boundary tribe, tribal tribology Trinil faunal zone tripod cauldron Triton Triton, Lake Trojan asteroids Trojan Wars tropics tropism troposphere trough Troy truth truth, in science & sociology Tsaidan Basin tsunami Tsunoda, Tadanobu Tuba, Lake Tucson Mountains, AZ Tula Tunguska Explosion turbidity current turbulance, aquatic turbulence, atmosphere turbulence, lithic Turfan Depression Turin Papyrus Turkey Turkistan Turkmenian Turman, B. W. turpentine Twelve Tribes of Israel Two Creeks Interglacial Stage Tycho's nova Tyndal, John Typhon typhoon typology Tyr Tyrannosaurus Tyrrhenia U ================================================================== U. S. Northeast Coast Ubeidiya Ugarit Uke-mochi-no-kami Ukko ultramafic chemistry ultrasonic ultraviolet Ulysses Umbgrove, J. H. F. uncertainty principle unconformity, cartographical unconformity, classificatory unconformity, geological unconscious undersea exploration unidentified flying objects, UFO unified field theory unified science uniformitarian, uniformitarianism universal language Universe, development of Universe, dynamics of Universe, origin Universe, structure of unseen body Upham, Warren uplift Ur Uralian Geosyncline Urania, age of uranium uranium-thorium-lead dating Uranus Minor Uranus-g, as god Uranus-p, as planet Uranus-p, satellites of Urartu urban revolution Urey, Harold C. Ursa Major constellation utopia Uweinat Uxmal V ================================================================== vacuum Vail, Isaac Vajrapani Van Allan radiation belts van Andel, Tjeerd van Flandern, Thomas C. van Oosterhout, G. W. Van, Lake Vanderpool, Eugene, Sr. vapor pressure vaporization variation, biological Varuna varve varve, dating by varve, deposits in Vaucluse, Fontaine de Vaughn, Raymond Veda, Vedic Vedism Velikovsky, Immanuel velocity velocity of light Venezuela Venus, comet Venus-g Venus-g, mythology Venus-p Venusia, Age of Venuturi Harbor, Tijuana River Veracruz erratics, Mexico Verdon Gorge, France vermin Vernal Equinox Vesuvius Vico, Giambattista Victoria, Australia, Lake Nyanza Victoria, Lake, Africa Vietnam Vijin, mexican bullcart Vilks, -. Villanovan violence virgin birth Virgin River, NV virus viscosity Vishnu, Visnu Vissidhi-Maggia visual agnosia visual binary Vita-Finzi, Claudio Vitaliano, Dorothy vitrified structures Vitryas vocalization void volatility volcanic surge cloud volcanism, explosive volcano light voltage voluntarism von Buch, Leonard Von Fange, Eric Vredefort Structure Vsekhsviatskii, Sergi K. vulcanism W ================================================================== Wabar craters Waddenzee, Netherlands Wadjak fossils Walker Pass impact cones, CA Wallace, Alfred Russel Wanlesa, Harold R. warfare Warlow, Peter Warner's Ranch sand hills Warwick, James, W. wassail water water depositions, UT water transport water, effects water, origin of water, World resources of Watson, Alan wave, in physics wave, seismic wave, tidal wavelength Wealden Series weather weather dynamics weathering, rocks Weaver, Warren Webb, Willis L. Weber, Max Wegener, Alfred weight weights & measures Weiner, J. S. welding well welt West Frisian Islands West Indies Westcott, Roger Western cordilleras Westfall, Richard S. Whakarewarewa Thermal Area, NZ whale whammy Wheeler, Mortimer, R. F. Whelton, Clark Whipple, Fred whirl wind whistling atmospheric Whiston, William White, J. P. Whitney, J. D. Whorf, Benjamin Lee Whyte, Martin A. Wickenberg flood gravel, AZ Wickramasinghe, D. T. Willamette Valley Willis, B. Wilson, Colin & A. T. Wilson, J. Tuzo Winchell, Alexander wind wind and water anomalies wind tunnel wine-making Winsconsin glacial stage Wise, D. U. wiseman witch Wituratersrand system Witwatersrand formation Wolf of Rome" Wolfe, Irving Wollin, Goesta women Wondjina pictures Wong, Kee Kuong Wonguri Wonguri ceremonies wood, preserved Wood, Robert Muir Woodmoappe, John Woodward, John Wooley, Leonard word work world government World Order World Tree World, celestial archetypes Worrad worship Worzel, J. Lamar Wotan Wreschener, Ernst Wright, Frederick G. writing Wyoming X ================================================================== x-ray burst x-ray source x-ray style, in Art xenophobia Y ================================================================== Yahweh Yamato mountains Yangtze River, Yellow River Yayanos, Aristes year, calendar year, cermonies of year, concept & calendar Year, Great Yellowstone National Park YHWH yin-yang yoga Yosemite National Park Yosemite Valley Yuba River, CA Yucatan karst yuga Yugoslavia Yukatan Yukon Territory, Canada Yule Z ================================================================== Zagros Mountains zedec Zeus Ziegler, Jerry L. ziggurat zinc Zinjanthropus Zion zodiac zodiacal light Zoroaster Zysman, Milton