Have you other artistic-cultural forms of expression to add to the list below or would you wish to remove some? (955) Why? (956) Would you change your mind, and add or subtract items if it is claimed that the list contains all and only those modes of expression where the top level of output a ) has a high aesthetic function and effect, or b)offers a unique and novel symbolic expression of the mind, or c) contributes to the conditions for producing one or both of the preceding forms of expression? (957)
Although nearly two hundred are listed here, might their number be greatly increased, perhaps up to ten thousand (always with some purpose of culture-support policy in mind, of course)? (958) Must not a national culture policy assume that it is possible to group, and generalize about, the elements of culture? (959) Can most questions in the syllabus be asked and answered for every culture form? (960) Do all the principles you have selected apply, for inclusion or exclusion or exclusion, to all the forms to which you tented them to apply? (961)
Might it be logical and appropriate, and even possible, to use an ad hoc appointive commission, at some stage of policy development or execution, to designate a human activity as a cultural form for purposes of aggregating a master list of forms of cultural expression, using criteria such as whether the top level of the activity performs a high aesthetic function or offers a unique and novel symbolic expression, or whether the activity contributes, in all or a distinguishable portion of its operations, to the creation and production of cultural forms of expression? (962) It would be to this list that policy thinking would address itself:
I. MUSICAL PERFORMANCE (963)
1. Instrumentation (piano, guitar, and 100+ other instrumental skills, including conducting and singing)
2. Instrumental Organizations
a) Solo, duet, trio, ensemble (4+)
b) Chamber orchestra
c) Symphony orchestra and concert bands
d) Opera
e) Chorale
f) Cabaret
g) Strolling
h) Marching and processional
i) Dance hall
II. MUSICAL CREATION (964)
1. Composition and Orchestration
a) Baroque, classical, romantic, modern, atonal
b) Non-European and cross-cultural (100+ periods and schools)
c) Computer, electronic
d) Popular, modern
e) Popular, folk
f) Sound effects (e.g., rattle of musketry, thunder and lightning) and imitations (e.g., bird-whistling)
2. Musical Form (100+ such as symphony, sonata, hymn, march,concerto, requiem, lieder, opera, minuet, polka, ballad)
III. SCULPTURE (965)
(Modeling,. carving, casting, molding, 100+ variations according to material, size, function, location etc.)
1. Ideational (many materials)
2. Toys and games
3. War games models
4. Engineering, commercial, and industrial models
5. Scientific and pedagogic models, medical, etc.
IV. CERAMICS AND ENAMELING (966)
(Many ethic and special schools and techniques)
V. PAINTING AND DRAWING (967)
(100+ schools; 100+techniques; many variations according to size and location)
1. Easel painting
2. Murals
3. Unconventional materials
4. Illustrating
5. Cartooning (typically carrying written messages; several schools and techniques)
VI.ENGRAVING (968)
(Many types and techniques)
VII. STILL PHOTOGRAPHY (50+ types; development) (969)
VIII. MOTION PICTURE PHOTOGRAPHY AND FILM MAKING (970)
(Various schools and techniques)
1. Fiction
2. Documentary
3. News
4. Political and propaganda
5. Educational
IX. ORNAMENTATION (971)
(100+ varieties and functions)
X. CRAFTS (972)
(100+ with wide variations in the average level of creative input into individual products, as, for example embroiderer, hairdresser, bookbinder, perfume-maker, gunsmith, weaver, lacemaker, carpenter, blacksmith, seamstress)
XI. COOKING (973)
1. Cuisine (hundreds of ethnic and regional styles and cultic systems)
2. Home-preserving, pastry-cooking, candy-making, cheese-making, etc.
3. Wine-making, whiskey-making, beer-brewing
4. Non-alcoholic beverages
XII. EXTERIOR DESIGN (974)
1. Architecture (residential, sports, amusement center, industrial, public and office buildings)
2. Landscaping (and masonry)
3. Park and open-space design
4. Outdoor advertising
5. Garden, private and public
XIII. INTERIOR DESIGN (975)
1. Space organization and design
2. Interior decoration
3. Furniture design
4. Entertainment and restaurant design (night clubs, cafes, etc.)
5. Commercial displays and window dressing
XIV. INDUSTRIAL DESIGN (976)
1. Machines
2. Tools
XV. VEHICLE DESIGN (977)
1. Automobiles
2. Trailers
3. Boats
4. Trains
5. Aircraft
XVI. PACKAGE DESIGN (978)
XVII. PROMOTIONAL POSTERS AND DISPLAYS (979)
XVIII. GRAPHIC DESIGN (980)
1. Newspapers
2. Books
3. Periodicals
4. Pamphlets
XIX. TAPESTRY, DRAPERY, AND RUG MAKING (981)
XX. CLOTHING DESIGN AND PERSONAL BEAUTIFICATION (982)
1. High fashion
2. Working clothes (by occupation)
3. Cosmetics and beauty development
XXI. ACTING (983)
1. Speech, oratory, poetry recitals, etc.
2. Mime
3. Manners and etiquette
4. Dramatic representation
XXII. POETRY (984)
(100+ forms and schools)
1. Lyric (many schools)
2. Epic
3. Epigrams and haiku
4. Didactic
5. Prayers
6. Liturgy
XXIII. PERSONAL WRITING (985)
1. Biography
2. Memoirs
3. Autobiography
4. Letters
XXIV. FICTION (986)
1. Novels
2. Short stories
3. Children's books and stories
4. Cartoon narratives (comics, educational series)
5. Science fiction
6. Satire
7. Vignettes
8. Fables and fairy tales
XXV. DRAMATIC WRITING (987)
1. Stage (many schools)
2. Screen
3. Television
XXVI. MUSIC-AUXILIARY WRITING (988)
1. Librettos
2. Lyrics (songs, chants, marches)
XXVII. UTILITARIAN WRITING (989)
1. Advertising (promotional, display, public relations, product persuasion)
2. Business communication (all types of market-oriented affairs, including correspondence and letters of agreement)
3. Corporate reporting (all types of enterprises)
4. Self-help books, articles, pamphlets (hundreds of areas)
5. Lectures (thousands of topics, various styles)
XXVIII. SCIENTIFIC WRITING (990)
1. All fields of knowledge in their communication dimension
2. Jargons (200+ fields with special variant languages)
3. Textbooks and manuals (many styles, 500+ fields)
4. Mathematics
XXIX. VERBAL CONTROVERSY (991)
1. Manifestoes
2. Pamphlets
3. Publicism (issues of the day)
4. Polemics
5. Sermons
6. Editorials
7. Persuasion
8. Psychological warfare
9. Political propaganda
10. Rhetoric
11. Dialogue
XXX. EXPLANATION AND CRITICISM (992)
(Comment on thousands of fields of human action, and artifacts to bring about and/or intensify emotional and intellectual responses to specific subjects)
1. Books and essays
2. Reviewing culture products (books, records, music and dance performances, plastic arts exhibits, architecture, speeches, motion pictures, theater, etc.)
3. Devising captions and slogans (in numerous fields-advertising, political propaganda, textbooks, films, news reporting, etc.)
4. Roundtables, symposia, panels (all moderator-led)
5. Seminars (leader present)
XXXI. NEWSWRITING (993)
(Many fields)
1. Newspaper reporting
2. Magazine reporting
3. Telecasting
4. Radiocasting
5. Film newswriting
6. Interview (includes explanatory nonnews interviewing)
7. News background; news summary
XXXII. TRANSLATION (994)
(Including machine translation; all fields of knowledge)
XXXIII. PUBLIC DOCUMENTS (995)
1. Legislative bill-drafting
2. Public correspondence
3. Resolutions, declarations
4. Public reports
5. Charters, constitutions, covenants
6. Legal documents
XXXIV. SCIENCES OF CULTURE (996)
1. Historiography (recitals and analyses of past activities and trends over time; infinite subject matter; numerous associated and auxiliary research techniques, e.g., authenticating documents and art productions; radiocarbon dating; myth analysis; propaganda analysis)
2. Sociology and anthropology of culture (includes descriptions and analysis of ongoing behavior; infinite subject-matter; includes media and propaganda analysis)
3. Psychology of culture (same as above)
4. Economics of culture (same as above)
5. Politics of culture (same as above)
6. Cultural technology
XXXV. PHILOSOPHY (997)
1. Moral philosophy (includes choice and evaluation; identification)
2. Philosophy and ideology of culture and science
3. Policy, planning, and futurology
XXXVI. CULTURAL EDUCATION (998)
1. Observing (of appearances of and representations of people, animals, plants, natural vistas, performing artists, etc.)
2. Hearing (of speech-forms, music, natural sounds, mechanical noise, social noise)
3. Rhythmic sensing (of dances, music, movements natural cycles, etc.)
4. Feeling and touch
5. Smell (in floral displays, perfumes, botanical gardens, multimedia films, etc.)
6. Taste (in cuisine, drinks, water supply)
7. Audience response, ritual response,"sing-along'" marching, processional, etc.
8. Reading (speed and comprehension, dialectical versus passive, dialects and jargons, etc.)
9. Affectional, and identification with others.
XXXVIII. PUBLIC PERFORMANCES (999)
(Conventional and creative staging of human actions for audiences)
1. Drama (50+forms and schools)
2. Pageants and spectacles (various types)
3. Sound-and-light shows (various types)
4. Revue and vaudeville (many varieties)
5. Religious services (numerous sects and liturgies)
6. Opera (numerous forms and schools)
7. Ballet (many forms and schools)
8. Dancing (100+ forms, excluding ballet)
9. Filmmaking (100+ forms or schools, including representations of all other types of public performances, and enacting virtually all forms of literature)
10. Debate and public disputation (many forms, including legislative proceedings, court trials, mock trials)
11. Lectures
12. Happening (quasi-staged, impromptu, with audience participation)
13. Guerilla theater (dramatized messages, staged unexpectedly where appropriate)
XXXIX. CULTURAL GATHERINGS (1000)
(Conventional and creative encounters in groups)
1. Public fairs and marketplaces (various kinds, areas, special offerings)
2. Therapy and health groups (encounter groups; primal therapy; rapport groups; sociodrama; etc., in dozens of kinds)
3. Sororities and fraternities (journalism, Phi-Beta Kappa, etc.)
4. Writing, cultural, and artistic circles and clubs (Pen Club, Audubon clubs, Cosmos Club, local voluntary clubs by hundreds, etc.)
5. Culturally determined associations(musicians' unions, foreign language associations, Alliance Francaise, etc., in hundreds)
6. "Crackerbarrel" and streetcorner" discussion groups (by thousands)
7. Meditational, mystical, and yoga groups
8. Family, friendship and social circles, culturally oriented
9. Cultural and artistic games and sports (group gymnastics, Scrabble, etc.)
10. Sightseeing (e.g. Walden Pond, Grand Canyon, Florida Everglades, including infinite experiences, both group and individual)
XL. CULTURE AUXILIARIES (COPRODUCERS) (1001)
(The degree to which the artistic element enters into these activities varies greatly; but the auxiliary function necessarily accompanies artistic activity whether or not the auxiliary is artistically significant.)
1. Educators, trainers, editors, coaches, and critics (may operate in any of dozens of institutional and informal settings)
2. Depositories, depots, and displays(museums, libraries, archives, information retrieval systems, stores, galleries, etc.)
3. Production facilitators (patrons, producers, group managers, publishers) distribution and sales (agents, stores, auctioneers, appraisers, publishers, etc.)
5. Audience management (financiers, impresarios, managers, ushers, etc.)
6. Research (catalogers, librarians, curators, scholars, etc.)
7. Culture materials production (manufacturers and processors of goods used in artistic activity, such as phonograph equipment, magnetic tapes, musical instruments, paints, settings, yarn, ballet shoes, paper, film, chemicals, audience chairs, etc.)
8. Reproduction and restoration (facsimiles, printing and reprinting, reproduction, restoration, recording and taping.)
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